The Comparison of Exosome and Exosomal Cytokines between Young and Old Individuals with or without Gastric Cancer

Im, Kyungtaek; Baek, Jihae; Kwon, Woo Sun; Rha, Sun Young; Hwang, Kwang Woo; Kim, Unyoung; Min, Hye‐Young

doi:10.1016/j.ijge.2018.03.013

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…1c), confirming findings recently reported for ME/CFS [23][24][25]. These results are also in line with other conditions such as breast and gastric cancer [26,28], Alzheimer's disease [21] or cerebrovascular disease [27] in which EVs were found to be elevated in the disease state. Oxidative stress, changes in intracellular calcium level and synaptic activity are contributing factors for inducing exosome secretion [40,41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In previous reports, circulating EVs have been shown to be increased in number in ME/CFS [23][24][25], results in line with other diseases such as cancers, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease [21,[26][27][28]. Furthermore, a recent study was able to distinguish ME/CFS from idiopathic chronic fatigue and clinical depression by analyzing the content of EVs by means of proteomics [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Another example in our study, although not significant, were the elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in EVs isolated from ME/CFS patients. In contrast, extracellular vesicles levels of IL-10 levels were found to be reduced in gastric cancer [26]. IL-10 receptors are found on different populations of brain cells including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia [66,67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Cytokine profiling of extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a pilot study

et al. 2020

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Background Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease of unknown etiology lasting for a minimum of 6 months but usually for many years, with features including fatigue, cognitive impairment, myalgias, post-exertional malaise, and immune system dysfunction. Dysregulation of cytokine signaling could give rise to many of these symptoms. Cytokines are present in both plasma and extracellular vesicles, but little investigation of EVs in ME/CFS has been reported. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the content of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from plasma (including circulating cytokine/chemokine profiling) from individuals with ME/CFS and healthy controls. Methods We included 35 ME/CFS patients and 35 controls matched for age, sex and BMI. EVs were enriched from plasma by using a polymer-based precipitation method and characterized by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and immunoblotting. A 45-plex immunoassay was used to determine cytokine levels in both plasma and isolated EVs from a subset of 19 patients and controls. Linear regression, principal component analysis and inter-cytokine correlations were analyzed. Results ME/CFS individuals had significantly higher levels of EVs that ranged from 30 to 130 nm in size as compared to controls, but the mean size for total extracellular vesicles did not differ between groups. The enrichment of typical EV markers CD63, CD81, TSG101 and HSP70 was confirmed by Western blot analysis and the morphology assessed by TEM showed a homogeneous population of vesicles in both groups. Comparison of cytokine concentrations in plasma and isolated EVs of cases and controls yielded no significant differences. Cytokine-cytokine correlations in plasma revealed a significant higher number of interactions in ME/CFS cases along with 13 inverse correlations that were mainly driven by the Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), whereas in the plasma of controls, no inverse relationships were found across any of the cytokines. Network analysis in EVs from controls showed 2.5 times more significant inter-cytokine interactions than in the ME/CFS group, and both groups presented a unique negative association. Conclusions Elevated levels of 30-130 nm EVs were found in plasma from ME/CFS patients and inter-cytokine correlations revealed unusual regulatory relationships among cytokines in the ME/CFS group that were different from the control group in both plasma and EVs. These disturbances in cytokine networks are further evidence of immune dysregulation in ME/CFS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Cytokine profiling of extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a pilot study

et al. 2020

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“…The proportion of EV-associated IL-1β and TNF-α was observed to be comparable to the amount free, 5.5 and 6.5 pg/mL, respectively [ 105 ]. Im et al have shown that in serum from healthy young individuals approximately 30 pg/mL of TNF-α is associated with exosomes, and the proportion found in exosomes increases 3-fold with age, one of the largest risk factors associated with autoimmunity [ 106 ]. While the specific distribution during autoimmunity is not known, in vitro experimentation can begin to shine a light on how they might be related.…”

Section: The Role Of Evs In Delivering Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role and Impact of Extracellular Vesicles in the Modulation and Delivery of Cytokines during Autoimmunity

Hussain

Iqbal

Norling

2020

IJMS

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Cytokines and extracellular vesicles are two methods of initiating and maintaining cellular crosstalk. The role of cytokines in the initiation, progression, and resolution of inflammation has been well studied and more so, their pathophysiological role in the development of autoimmune disease. In recent years, the impact of extracellular vesicles on the progression of autoimmunity has become more widely appreciated. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that allow extracellular vesicles of various sources to modulate cytokine production, and release, and how extracellular vesicles might be involved in the direct delivery and modulation of cytokine levels. Moreover, we explore what challenges are faced by current therapies and the promising future for extracellular vesicles as therapeutic agents in conditions driven by immune dysregulation.

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“…Interleukins are pro-inflammatory cytokines that are vital for cellular signaling and inflammatory feedbacks [27]. The immune system depends essentially on interleukins.…”

Section: Expression Of Immune Regulators Are Present In Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Microglial-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Composition

et al. 2019

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The packaging of molecular constituents inside extracellular vesicles (EVs) allows them to participate in intercellular communication and the transfer of biological molecules, however the role of EVs during bacterial infection is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection on the biogenesis and composition of EVs derived from the mouse microglia cell line, BV-2. BV-2 cells were cultured in exosome-free media and infected with 0, 1.3 × 104, or 2.6 × 104 colony forming units per milliliter P. aeruginosa for 72 h. The results indicated that compared with the control group, BV-2 cell viability significantly decreased after P. aeruginosa infection and BV-2-derived EVs concentration decreased significantly in the P. aeruginosa-infected group. P. aeruginosa infection significantly decreased chemokine ligand 4 messenger RNA in BV-2-derived infected EVs, compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05). This study also revealed that heat shock protein 70 (p ≤ 0.05) and heat shock protein 90β (p ≤ 0.001) levels of expression within EVs increased after P. aeruginosa infection. EV treatment with EVs derived from P. aeruginosa infection reduced cell viability of BV-2 cells. P. aeruginosa infection alters the expression of specific proteins and mRNA in EVs. Our study suggests that P. aeruginosa infection modulates EV biogenesis and composition, which may influence bacterial pathogenesis and infection.

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The Comparison of Exosome and Exosomal Cytokines between Young and Old Individuals with or without Gastric Cancer

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Cytokine profiling of extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a pilot study

Cytokine profiling of extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a pilot study

The Role and Impact of Extracellular Vesicles in the Modulation and Delivery of Cytokines during Autoimmunity

Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Microglial-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Composition

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