The Compatible Interaction in Downy Mildew Infections

Jw, Clark; Spencer‐Phillips, P. T. N.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2658-4_1

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…Proteins were harvested at this stage as well-developed colonies are present, even though external symptoms are not apparent (ElGariani and Spencer-Phillips 2004). Indeed, conidiophore initials are first observed at 4.5 dpi in this host-pathogen system (Clark and Spencer-Phillips 2004), with sporulation visible macroscopically by 7 dpi. Further proteomic analyses of these later stages of infection are underway to identify additional proteins involved in the P. viciae-pea interaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry are being used increasingly to identify proteins that increase or decrease in abundance during plant-microbe interactions (Corbett et al 2005;Coulthurst et al 2006). At present, little is known about mechanisms of pathogenesis in P. viciae infections of pea, with very few host and pathogen factors explained at a biochemical and molecular level (Clark and Spencer-Phillips 2004). Proteomics provides a global approach to explore changes in abundance of specific components of the pathosystem proteome, and hence to identify specific proteins and processes likely to be central to the outcome of infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Proteomic analysis of a compatible interaction between Pisum sativum (pea) and the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora viciae

et al. 2008

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A proteomic approach was used to identify host proteins altering in abundance during Peronospora viciae infection of a susceptible cultivar of pea (Pisum sativum cv. Livioletta). Proteins were extracted from fully developed pea leaflets at 4 days post-inoculation, before visible symptoms were apparent. Cytoplasmic proteins and membrane-and nucleic acid-associated proteins from infected and control leaves were examined using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. The majority of proteins had a similar abundance in control and infected leaves; however, several proteins were altered in abundance and twelve were found to have increased significantly in the latter. These proteins were selected for either matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry or electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis following trypsin digestion, with sequence identity being assigned to eight of the proteins. These included the ABR17 stress-response protein, the pathogen-induced PI176 protein, three photosynthetic proteins, a glycine-rich RNA binding protein and two glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases (cytosolic and chloroplastic) which can be induced by a range of abiotic and biotic stresses in many plant species. The possible roles of these proteins in the response of the pea plant during P. viciae infection are discussed. This study represents the first proteomic analysis of downy mildew infection of pea leaves, and provides the basis for further work to elucidate molecular mechanisms of compatibility in P. viciae infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

Proteomic analysis of a compatible interaction between Pisum sativum (pea) and the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora viciae

et al. 2008

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“…Oidium is an obligate, biotrophic, powdery mildew genus [ 106 ]. Peronospora is a genus of oomycetes considered to be the largest downy mildew genus [ 107 ]. Both Oidium and Peronospora cause significant economic impact in crops and ornamental plants [ 108 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA metabarcoding uncovers fungal diversity of mixed airborne samples in Italy

et al. 2018

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Fungal spores and mycelium fragments are particles which become and remain airborne and have been subjects of aerobiological studies. The presence and the abundance of taxa in aerobiological samples can be very variable and impaired by changeable climatic conditions. Because many fungi produce mycotoxins and both their mycelium fragments and spores are potential allergens, monitoring the presence of these taxa is of key importance. So far data on exposure and sensitization to fungal allergens are mainly based on the assessment of few, easily identifiable taxa and focused only on certain environments. The microscopic method used to analyze aerobiological samples and the inconspicuous fungal characters do not allow a in depth taxonomical identification. Here, we present a first assessment of fungal diversity from airborne samples using a DNA metabarcoding analysis. The nuclear ITS2 region was selected as barcode to catch fungal diversity in mixed airborne samples gathered during two weeks in four sites of North-Eastern and Central Italy. We assessed the taxonomic composition and diversity within and among the sampled sites and compared the molecular data with those obtained by traditional microscopy. The molecular analyses provide a tenfold more comprehensive determination of the taxa than the traditional morphological inspections. Our results prove that the metabarcoding analysis is a promising approach to increases quality and sensitivity of the aerobiological monitoring. The laboratory and bioinformatic workflow implemented here is now suitable for routine, high-throughput, regional analyses of airborne fungi.

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“…General aspects of specificity in plant-oomycete interactions have been at the centre of mycological and phytopathological research during the 1990s and early 2000s (Clark and Spencer-Phillips 2004;Glazebrook 2005;Göker et al 2007;Grenville-Briggs and van West 2005;Hardham 2007;Holub and Cooper 2004;Latijnhouwers et al 2003; Lebeda and Schwinn 1994;Lipka et al 2005;Lucas et al 1995;Mauch-Mani 2002;O'Connell and Panstruga 2006). For the lettuce-Bremia pathosystem, a detailed survey of host-parasite specificity can be found in Lebeda et al (2001bLebeda et al ( , 2002.…”

Section: Host-parasite Specificitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Diversity of defence mechanisms in plant–oomycete interactions: a case study of Lactuca spp. and Bremia lactucae

et al. 2008

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Plant pathogenic oomycetes, including biotrophic downy mildews and hemibiotrophs/ necrotrophs such as Phytophthora and Pythium, cause enormous economic losses on cultivated crops. Lettuce breeders and growers face the threat of Bremia lactucae, the causal agent of lettuce downy mildew. This pathogen damages leaf tissues and lettuce heads and is also frequent on wild Asteraceae plants. The interactions of Lactuca spp. with B. lactucae (abbr. lettuce-Bremia) display extreme variability, due to a long co-evolutionary history. For this reason, during the last 30 years, the lettuceBremia pathosystem has been used as a model for many studies at the population, individual, organ, tissue, cellular, physiological and molecular levels, as well as on genetic variability and the genetics of hostparasite interactions. The first part of this review summarizes recent data on host-parasite specificity, host variability, resistance mechanisms and genetics of lettuce-Bremia interactions. The second part focuses on the development infection structures. Phenotypic expression of infection, behaviour of B. lactucae on leaf surfaces, the process of penetration, development of primary infection structures, hyphae and haustoria are discussed in relation to different resistance mechanisms. In the third part, the components of host resistance and the variability of defence responses are analysed. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes, nitric oxide (NO), phenolic compounds, reorganization of cytoskeleton, electrolyte leakage, membrane damage, cell wall disruption, hypersensitive reaction and plant energetics are discussed in relation to defence responses. In general, the extreme variability of interactions between lettuce and Bremia, and their phenotypic expression, results from diversity of the genetic background. Different mechanisms of resistance are conditioned by an orchestra of defence responses at the tissue, cell, and molecular levels. The various events responsible for defence involve a complex interaction of the processes and reactions mentioned above. This review also provides an overview on the timing of pathogen development, host pathological anatomy, cytology and physiology Eur J Plant Pathol (2008) 122:71-89 of lettuce-Bremia associations. The significance of these factors on the expression of different resistance mechanisms (non-host and host resistance, race-specific and race non-specific resistance, field resistance) is discussed.

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The Compatible Interaction in Downy Mildew Infections

Cited by 6 publications

References 111 publications

Proteomic analysis of a compatible interaction between Pisum sativum (pea) and the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora viciae

Proteomic analysis of a compatible interaction between Pisum sativum (pea) and the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora viciae

DNA metabarcoding uncovers fungal diversity of mixed airborne samples in Italy

Diversity of defence mechanisms in plant–oomycete interactions: a case study of Lactuca spp. and Bremia lactucae

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