The complementary role of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in the diagnosis and severity assessment of autism

Khakzad, Mohammad Reza; Javanbakht, Maryam; Shayegan, Mohammad Reza; Kianoush, Sina; Omid, Fatemeh; Hojati, Maryam; Meshkat, Mojtaba

doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.10.002

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…CRP did show a strong negative association with cognitive empathy, independent of age and sex. This is in line with studies showing high levels of CRP in autism, which has been associated with poor cognitive empathy (Khakzad et al 2012). Also, inflammatory challenge by endotoxin impaired performance on an experimental measure of cognitive empathy (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The role of microbiota and inflammation in self-judgement and empathy: implications for understanding the brain-gut-microbiome axis in depression

et al. 2019

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Rationale The gut-brain axis includes bidirectional communication between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. have been implicated in psychological health, such as depression, through various pathways (e.g. inflammation). Research needs a better understanding of direct and indirect effects through examination of psychological factors that make people susceptible to, or offer protection against, depression. Objective This study investigated the relationships between gut microbiota, inflammation and psychological risk and resilience factors for depression. Methods Forty participants (13 m/27 f) recruited from the general population completed self-report questionnaires for depression, self-judgement, over-identification and affective and cognitive empathy. Faecal and blood samples were taken to assay microbiota ( Bifidobacterium ; Lactobacillus spp.) and pro-inflammatory molecules (C-reactive protein, CRP and interleukin-6, IL-6), respectively. Results Hierarchical regression analyses (controlling for sex, age and the shared variance of risk and resilience factors) showed that (i) cognitive depression was significantly predicted by negative self-judgement and reduced cognitive empathy; (ii) abundance of Lactobacillus spp. was directly related to positive self-judgement but only indirectly to cognitive depression and lower affective empathy (both through self-judgement); and (iii) CRP was the strongest predictor of reduced cognitive empathy, with suppression effects seen for age (negative) and IL-6 (positive) after controlling for CRP. Conclusions Findings suggest that lactobacilli and inflammation may be differentially associated with mood disorder via brain mechanisms underpinning self-judgement and cognitive empathy, respectively. Further trials investigating interventions to increase Lactobacillus spp. in depression would benefit from direct measures of self-judgement and affective empathic distress, whilst those that aim to reduce inflammation should investigate cognitive empathy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00213-019-05230-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The role of microbiota and inflammation in self-judgement and empathy: implications for understanding the brain-gut-microbiome axis in depression

et al. 2019

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“…Up-regulation of LRG1 is associated with multiple types of tumors [ 43 – 45 ]. CRP was reported to be elevated in blood of patients with GBM [ 38 ], various types of cancers [ 46 , 47 ] and other pathological conditions, for example autism [ 48 ]. C9 and SERPINA3 are elevated in blood of patients with various types of cancers [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of blood biomarkers in glioblastoma by SWATH mass spectrometry and quantitative targeted absolute proteomics

et al. 2018

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Molecular biomarkers in blood are needed to aid the early diagnosis and clinical assessment of glioblastoma (GBM). Here, in order to identify biomarker candidates in plasma of GBM patients, we performed quantitative comparisons of the plasma proteomes of GBM patients (n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 15) using SWATH mass spectrometry analysis. The results were validated by means of quantitative targeted absolute proteomics analysis. As a result, we identified eight biomarker candidates for GBM (leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG1), complement component C9 (C9), C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (SERPINA3), apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB), gelsolin (GSN), Ig alpha-1 chain C region (IGHA1), and apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4)). Among them, LRG1, C9, CRP, GSN, IGHA1, and APOA4 gave values of the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of greater than 0.80. To investigate the relationships between the biomarker candidates and GBM biology, we examined correlations between plasma concentrations of biomarker candidates and clinical presentation (tumor size, progression-free survival time, or overall survival time) in GBM patients. The plasma concentrations of LRG1, CRP, and C9 showed significant positive correlations with tumor size (R2 = 0.534, 0.495, and 0.452, respectively).

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“…In some studies, biomarkers of inflammation or immune dysregulation have been correlated with ASD severity (Mostafa and Kitchener, 2009; Al-Ayadhi and Mostafa, 2011, 2012, 2013; Khakzad et al, 2012; Mostafa and Al-Ayadhi, 2012) and an elevation in TNF-alpha has been reported in ASD lymphocytes (Malik et al, 2011a) and in amniotic fluid in children who develop autism (Abdallah et al, 2013). Particular interest surrounds elevations found in autoantibodies to brain elements and other important molecular targets such as the folate receptor autoantibody (Connolly et al, 1999; Rossignol and Frye, 2012a; Frye et al, 2013c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence linking oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation in the brain of individuals with autism

Rossignol¹,

Frye²

2014

Front. Physiol.

312

241

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders that are defined solely on the basis of behavioral observations. Therefore, ASD has traditionally been framed as a behavioral disorder. However, evidence is accumulating that ASD is characterized by certain physiological abnormalities, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and immune dysregulation/inflammation. While these abnormalities have been reported in studies that have examined peripheral biomarkers such as blood and urine, more recent studies have also reported these abnormalities in brain tissue derived from individuals diagnosed with ASD as compared to brain tissue derived from control individuals. A majority of these brain tissue studies have been published since 2010. The brain regions found to contain these physiological abnormalities in individuals with ASD are involved in speech and auditory processing, social behavior, memory, and sensory and motor coordination. This manuscript examines the evidence linking oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and immune dysregulation/inflammation in the brain of ASD individuals, suggesting that ASD has a clear biological basis with features of known medical disorders. This understanding may lead to new testing and treatment strategies in individuals with ASD.

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The complementary role of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in the diagnosis and severity assessment of autism

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

The role of microbiota and inflammation in self-judgement and empathy: implications for understanding the brain-gut-microbiome axis in depression

The role of microbiota and inflammation in self-judgement and empathy: implications for understanding the brain-gut-microbiome axis in depression

Identification of blood biomarkers in glioblastoma by SWATH mass spectrometry and quantitative targeted absolute proteomics

Evidence linking oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation in the brain of individuals with autism

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