This study aimed to elucidate the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of
Eleutheronema rhadinum
(Perciforms: Polynemidae). The circular mitogenome was 16,556 bp in size, with the base composition: A − 28.17%, T − 26.99%, C − 28.72%, and G − 16.12%. It had the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement and was made up of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one non-coding control region. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum-likelihood approved that
E. rhadinum
belonged to the family Polynemidae and had close relationship to
E. tetradactylum
. The present data will contribute to future phylogenetic studies on members of family Polynemidae and conservation strategies for
E. rhadinum
.