Centrochelys sulcata, the African Spurred Tortoise (Family Testudinidae) is one of the largest terrestrial chelonians in the world, the largest extant continental tortoise, and the largest tortoise in Africa. Males are larger than females, and may exceed 100 kg in body mass, with a straight carapace length of up to 86.0 cm in males and 57.8 cm in females, and a curved carapace length reaching 101.0 cm in males and 67.0 cm in females. The species has a wide geographic distribution across the arid savannahs of the Sahelian regions of sub-Saharan Africa, but with many gaps in its range, and reaches the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. The sex ratio is nearly equal and sexual maturity is reached at 10-15 years. The species is especially linked to habitat with periodic or intermittent streams and rivers, locally called kori in the Sahelian regions. In addition, African Spurred Tortoises can be found on slopes and hills, in particular on stabilized dunes, and sporadically in flat areas with semi-deciduous shrublands and high grasses. Cattle grazing has a negative effect on the presence of this species, especially when grazing areas are created with seasonal fires. The species is mostly herbivorous, but can feed on carrion on occasion and on garbage in the surroundings of human settlements. Males are highly territorial, with larger males winning sexual combats. The population density is among the lowest that has been observed so far in terrestrial chelonians. The species makes extensive use of deep and long burrows (up to 15 m long), occasionally used by more than one individual, and above-ground activity is mainly concentrated in the early morning hours and during the wet season (August). Reproduction is also seasonal, with matings occurring primarily in September to April. Nesting occurs from September to May, during which 2-3 clutches of 14-40 eggs (average egg ca. 52 x 44 mm, 55 g) are laid. The species is declining rapidly due to a plethora of reasons, including habitat loss, exploitation for eggs and meat as well as for the international pet trade, and the effects of climate change, but since it is easy to breed in captivity and is frequently bred by local communities, there is significant potential for reintroduction programs, some of which have already been initiated in Senegal.distribution. -