The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Phthonandria atrilineata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

Abstract

Using long-polymerase chain reaction (Long-PCR) method, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Phthonandria atrilineata. The complete mtDNA from P. atrilineata was 15,499 base pairs in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. The P. atrilineata genes were in the same order and orientation as the completely sequenced mitogenomes of other lepidopteran species. The nucleotide composition of P. atrilineata mitogenome was biased toward A + T nucleotides (81.02%), and the 13 PCGs show different A + T contents that range from 73.25% (cox1) to 92.12% (atp8). Phthonandria had the canonical set of 22 tRNA genes, that fold in the typical cloverleaf structure described for metazoan mt tRNAs, with the unique exception of trnS(AGN). The phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed with the concatenated sequences of the 13 PCGs of the mitochondrial genome, which confirmed that P. atrilineata is most closely related to the superfamily Bombycoidea.

The mitochondrial genome of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae): Complete DNA sequence, genome organization, and phylogenetic analysis with other tephritids using next generation DNA sequencing

“…Furthermore, PCGs encoded on the J-strand and N-strand show a strong bias for T content (37.0% and 47.6%) compared to A content (32.0% and 26.6%), respectively. Similar observations have been recorded in case of other tephritid mitogenomes by Nardi et al (2003Nardi et al ( , 2010, Yu et al (2007) and Zhang et al (2014) and in other insects (Stewart and Beckenbach, 2003, 2005, 2006Hong et al, 2009;Song and Liang, 2009;Friedrich and Muqim, 2003;Fenn et al, 2007;Cha et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2009). …”

“…In particular, T in each codon position of PCGs is overrepresented. Among all the three codon positions, the second codon position has over-representing T, which is similar to many insect mitogenomes (Stewart and Beckenbach, 2003, 2005, 2006Hong et al, 2009;Song and Liang, 2009;Friedrich and Muqim, 2003;Fenn et al, 2007;Cha et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2009). The G content is higher compared to C at all the three codon positions, in PCGs on the Nstrand, while G is under-represented compared to C in PCGs on the Jstrand.…”

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…The overlapping between trnW and trnC is also detected in other lepidopteran species, such as Pieris (Ar togeia) melete Ménétries (Hong et al, 2009), Antheraea pernyi Guérin-Méneville , Ostrinia fur nacalis (Guenée) and Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Coates et al, 2005). A seven nucleotide overlap between atp8 and atp6 is common to many other insect mitogenomes, such as Samia cynthia cynthia (Drury) (Sima et al, 2013), Erio gyna pyretorum (Westwood) , Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Yin et al, 2011), Phthonandria at rilineata (Butler) (Yang et al, 2008), Actias selene (Hüb-ner) (Liu et al, 2012a), Diaphania pyloalis Walker , and Bombyx mori L., strains H9 and Dazao Liu et al, 2013). The mitogenome of M. sepa rata contains 162 bp of intergenic spacer sequence spread over 16 regions, ranging in size from 1 to 50 bp (Table 3), which is considerably longer than that of other Lepidoptera species, including Manduca sexta (L.) (115 bp over 13 regions), A. selene (137 bp over 13 regions), but shorter than Coreana raphaelis (Oberthür).…”

The complete mitochondrial genome of the wild silkworm moth, Actias selene

“…These sequences of mitogenomes were from five lepidopteran superfamilies within the lepidopteran suborder, including Bombycoidea: A. selene, B. mori (Yukuhiro et al, 2002), B. mandarina (Pan et al, 2008), S. cynthia ricini , A. pernyi (Liu et al, 2008), A. yamamai (Kim et al, 2008), E. pyretorum and Caligula boisduvalii (Hong et al, 2008), Noctuoidea: Hyphantria cunea (Liao et al, 2010) and Helicoverpa armigera (Yin et al, 2010); Parnassiidae: Parnassius bremeri (FJ871125), Pyraloidea: Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (JQ305693) and Geometroidea: Phthonandria atrilineata (Yang et al, 2009). The mitogenomes of Drosophila yakuba (NC_001322) (Clary and Wolstenholme, 1985) and Anopheles gambiae (NC_002084) (Beard et al, 1993) were used as outgroups.…”