The complex existence of γδ T cells following transplantation: the good, the bad and the simply confusing

Sullivan, Lucy C.; Shaw, Elizabeth; Stankovic, Sanda; Snell, Gregory I; Brööks, Andrëw G.; Westall, Glen P.

doi:10.1002/cti2.1078

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Besides, in small animal models, it was observed that gamma delta T cells could produce interleukin-17 (IL-17) to contribute acute and chronic allograft dysfunction in skin [ 38 ] and lung transplantation [ 39 ]. In contrast, some evidence showed they could produce IL-4 and IL-10 to decrease Th1 responses to achieve allograft protection [ 40 ]. For eosinophils, they are regarded as the promoting factor for inducing acute allograft rejection and the increased presence of eosinophils in peripheral blood and/or renal allograft biopsy specimen would be risky factors for outcome of acute rejection [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying 4 Novel lncRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Acute Rejection and Graft Loss of Renal Allograft

Zhang

Tang

Zhuang

et al. 2020

Journal of Immunology Research

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Acute rejection (AR) after kidney transplant is one of the major obstacles to obtain ideal graft survival. Reliable molecular biomarkers for AR and renal allograft loss are lacking. This study was performed to identify novel long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) for diagnosing AR and predicting the risk of graft loss. The several microarray datasets with AR and nonrejection specimens of renal allograft downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify optimal prognosis-related DElncRNAs for constructing a risk score model. 39 common DElncRNAs and 185 common DEmRNAs were identified to construct a lncRNA-mRNA regulatory relationship network. DElncRNAs were revealed to regulate immune cell activation and proliferation. Then, 4 optimal DElncRNAs, ATP1A1-AS1, CTD-3080P12.3, EMX2OS, and LINC00645, were selected from 17 prognostic DElncRNAs to establish the 4-lncRNA risk score model. In the training set, the high-risk patients were more inclined to graft loss than the low-risk patients. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed the model had good sensitivity and specificity in prediction of 1-, 2-, and 3-year graft survival after biopsy ( AUC = 0.891 , 0.836 , and 0.733 , respectively). The internal testing set verified the result well. Gene set enrichment analysis which expounded NOD-like receptor, the Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, and other else playing important role in immune response was enriched by the 4 lncRNAs. Allograft-infiltrating immune cells analysis elucidated the expression of 4 lncRNAs correlated with gamma delta T cells and eosinophils, etc. Our study identified 4 novel lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for AR of renal allograft and constructed a lncRNA-based model for predicting the risk of graft loss, which would provide new insights into mechanisms of AR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying 4 Novel lncRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Acute Rejection and Graft Loss of Renal Allograft

Zhang

Tang

Zhuang

et al. 2020

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…(I) γδ T cell subsets classified according to the usage of TCRγ-chain or δ-chain. Generally, human γδ T cells can be divided into four major groups, Vδ1, Vδ2, Vδ3 and Vδ5 γδ T cells, based on the differences of TCR δ-chain [15][16][17] (Table 1). They have different distribution and different function.…”

Section: Diversity Of Human γδ T Cell Subsetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Human γδ T Cells in Anti-Tumor Immunity and Their Potential for Cancer Immunotherapy

Liu

Zhang

2020

Cells

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γδ T cells are a distinct subset of T cells whose T cell receptors consist of γ chains and δ chains, different from conventional αβ T cells. γδ T cells are considered as a member of the innate immunity because of their non-MHC restricted antigen recognition, rapid response to invading pathogens and sense early changes of malignant cells. Upon activation, they can further promote the activation of adaptive immune cells, such as T cells and B cells, by secreting various cytokines. Thus, γδ T cells are regarded as a bridge between innate immunity and acquired immunity. γδ T cells are involved in a variety of immune response processes, including immune defense and immune surveillance against infection and tumorigenesis. γδ T cells recognize multiple tumor-associated antigens or molecules in T cell receptors (TCRs)-dependent and natural killer cell receptors (NKRs)-dependent ways. γδ T cells not only display a direct killing capacity on a variety of tumors, but also exert anti-tumor immune responses indirectly by facilitating the function of other immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), B cells and CD8+ T cells. In this review, we summarize the major subpopulations, the tumor recognition mechanisms, and the anti-tumor effects of human γδ T cells, particularly the potential of γδ T cells for cancer immunotherapy.

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“…γδ T cells have been studied in the context of transplant since the 1990s, and are an important subset to consider in the field due to TCR-dependent tissue localization and a lack of MHC restriction [ 90 ]. They have been shown to quickly reconstitute along with NK cells following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), and are believed to effectively fill the role of αβ T cells, which take longer to recover [ 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 ].…”

Section: Reactive γδ T Cell Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have been shown to quickly reconstitute along with NK cells following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), and are believed to effectively fill the role of αβ T cells, which take longer to recover [ 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 ]. γδ T cells, in the context of transplant, have been reviewed more thoroughly elsewhere [ 73 , 90 , 95 ], revealing their multifaceted effect on overall success and survival. Following HSCT, positive correlations have been reported between elevated γδ T cell numbers and increased survival rate, while a negative correlation has been reported between γδ T cell numbers and graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) severity.…”

Section: Reactive γδ T Cell Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cell for the Ages: Human γδ T Cells across the Lifespan

Clark

Thomas

2020

IJMS

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The complexity of the human immune system is exacerbated by age-related changes to immune cell functionality. Many of these age-related effects remain undescribed or driven by mechanisms that are poorly understood. γδ T cells, while considered an adaptive subset based on immunological ontogeny, retain both innate-like and adaptive-like characteristics. This T cell population is small but mighty, and has been implicated in both homeostatic and disease-induced immunity within tissues and throughout the periphery. In this review, we outline what is known about the effect of age on human peripheral γδ T cells, and call attention to areas of the field where further research is needed.

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The complex existence of γδ T cells following transplantation: the good, the bad and the simply confusing

Cited by 23 publications

References 99 publications

Identifying 4 Novel lncRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Acute Rejection and Graft Loss of Renal Allograft

Identifying 4 Novel lncRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Acute Rejection and Graft Loss of Renal Allograft

The Role of Human γδ T Cells in Anti-Tumor Immunity and Their Potential for Cancer Immunotherapy

A Cell for the Ages: Human γδ T Cells across the Lifespan

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