The complexities of the diet-microbiome relationship: advances and perspectives

Leeming, Emily R; Louca, Panayiotis; Gibson, Rachel; Menni, Cristina; Spector, Tim D.; Roy, Caroline

doi:10.1186/s13073-020-00813-7

Cited by 75 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Secondly, we did not include in this study the metagenome analysis to explore gut microbiota dysbiosis in subjects with different chronotypes closely. However, it is well known that the very changeable composition of the gut microbiota might potentially hinder the robustness and reproducibility of microbiota—disease associative studies [ 20 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. In addition, circulating TMAO concentrations have recently been included among the reliable biomarkers for gut dysbiosis [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the Mediterranean dietary pattern is also the most characterized factor that influences the gut microbiota [ 19 ]. The complexity of studying the gut microbiota is, however, characterized by a high intra-individual variability of the daily food consumption of each subject that might potentially hinder the robustness and reproducibility of microbiota—disease associative studies [ 20 ]. We previously reported that the lowest adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was associated with the highest circulating TMAO concentrations [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of the Chronotype Score with Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Concentrations

Barrea

Muscogiuri²,

Pugliese³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Individual differences in the chronotype, an attitude that best expresses the individual circadian preference in behavioral and biological rhythms, have been associated with cardiometabolic risk and gut dysbiosis. Up to now, there are no studies evaluating the association between chronotypes and circulating TMAO concentrations, a predictor of cardiometabolic risk and a useful marker of gut dysbiosis. In this study population (147 females and 100 males), subjects with the morning chronotype had the lowest BMI and waist circumference (p < 0.001), and a better metabolic profile compared to the other chronotypes. In addition, the morning chronotype had the highest adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.001) and the lowest circulating TMAO concentrations (p < 0.001). After adjusting for BMI and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the correlation between circulating TMAO concentrations and chronotype score was still kept (r = −0.627, p < 0.001). Using a linear regression analysis, higher chronotype scores were mostly associated with lower circulating TMAO concentrations (β = −0.479, t = −12.08, and p < 0.001). Using a restricted cubic spline analysis, we found that a chronotype score ≥59 (p < 0.001, R2 = −0.824) demonstrated a more significant inverse linear relationship with circulating TMAO concentrations compared with knots <59 (neither chronotype) and <41 (evening chronotype). The current study reported the first evidence that higher circulating TMAO concentrations were associated with the evening chronotype that, in turn, is usually linked to an unhealthy lifestyle mostly characterized by low adherence to the MD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the Chronotype Score with Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Concentrations

Barrea

Muscogiuri²,

Pugliese³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…These preliminary results seem to suggest a complex relationship between diet and gut microbiota that dietary macronutrient intake itself cannot fully explain. The integration with other factors, such as eating behaviors and nutrient provenance, and a more detailed analysis of micronutrients and food additives might shed light on the complex crosstalk between microbial communities and diet ( Leeming et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Gut Microbiota a Key Player in Epilepsy Onset? A Longitudinal Study in Drug-Naive Children

Ceccarani

Viganò

Ottaviano

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Microbiota alterations have been recently investigated in individuals with epilepsy and in other neurological diseases as environmental factors that play a role, by acting through the gut-brain axis, in the pathological process. Most studies focus on the contribution of bacterial communities in refractory epilepsy and suggest a beneficial role of ketogenic diet in modulating the gut microbiota and seizure occurrence. However, they do not evaluate whether epilepsy itself alters the gut microbiota in these patients or if the gut microbial communities could contribute as a seizure trigger. In this pilot study, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing and investigated the gut microbial communities of eight children at their seizure onset and after anti-seizure was started (one year follow-up) and we compared microbial data with seven healthy children, age- and sex-matched. In drug-naive subjects, we observed a microbial signature that shared several features with those reported in refractory epilepsy, such as an increased abundance in Akkermansia spp. and Proteobacteria and a decreased relative abundance in Faecalibacterium spp.We suggest that a bacterial-mediated proinflammatory milieu could contribute to seizure occurrence in children with new onset of epilepsy, as already reported for individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy, and that it could vary during treatment in those who are drug-responsive.

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“…Microbes are an integral part of these systems, playing crucial roles in the biology of other organisms and contributing to the regulation of the overall systems (Habtamu et al, 2017;Hauffe & Barelli, 2019;Ruth et al, 2008;Stuart et al, 2013). Gut microbiota is personified with different functions of hostmicrobe interactions such as ecology, diet or food selection, behaviour, host immune system and the overall health of the host (Bahrndorff et al, 2016;Leeming et al, 2021). However, as animals and humans have come to live in close proximity and there are cases of frequent encroachments into one other territory; microbial parasites are now viewed as potential zoonotic agents for human wellbeing Jones et al, 2008;Keatts et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in carnivores and its potential implications on human health

Vandir¹,

Pangamte²,

Das³

et al. 2021

NRFHH

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Zoonoses contribute an estimated 75% of new or re-emerging infectious diseases in humans with Covid-19 being the latest addition. Carnivores act as definitive hosts and reservoirs for several endoparasites with varied effects on human health. These interactions are fluctuating and adaptive, changing in response to various biotic and abiotic conditions. With the development of ‘One health movement’ more focus has been laid on zoonotic infections and their management. The present study showed that carnivores of Dampa Tiger Reserve (DTR) are host to several infectious parasites with a prevalence rate of 90.47%. Families like Felidae, Canidae, and Viverridae were found to host the maximum number of parasites. The parasite Paragonimus spp. were recorded to be present in the highest number (33 nos.) of scat samples followed by Strongyle spp. (27 nos.), Ascaris lumbricoides (23 nos.), and Isospora spp. (19 nos.). These parasites are known to infect humans through different modes like faecal-oral route, uncooked meat, fishes, and contaminated water and induced health implications like inflammatory in the brain, bronchitis, covert toxocariasis, acute lung inflammation etc. As the surrounding landscape of DTR continuous to shrink and humans are more prone to these parasites through their daily activities and lifestyle, the study will be crucial for providing a platform for future epidemiological study and diseases management in the region.

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The complexities of the diet-microbiome relationship: advances and perspectives

Cited by 75 publications

References 134 publications

Association of the Chronotype Score with Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Concentrations

Association of the Chronotype Score with Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Concentrations

Is Gut Microbiota a Key Player in Epilepsy Onset? A Longitudinal Study in Drug-Naive Children

A study on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in carnivores and its potential implications on human health

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