The complexity of daily life walking in older adult community-dwelling fallers and non-fallers

Ihlen, Espen Alexander F.; Weiss, Aner; Bourke, Alan K.; Helbostad, Jorunn L.; Hausdorff, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.02.055

Cited by 72 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Both standard deviation and coefficient of variation should be reported until a consensus is reached (Lord et al 2011, Lord et al 2013). More cutting edge measures of gait variability are being developed including coefficients reflecting loss of complexity (Ihlen et al 2016) or smoothness (Brach et al 2011). Third, gait speed may confound the relationship between neuroimaging findings and gait variability because gait speed is related to both brain health and gait variability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The brain map of gait variability in aging, cognitive impairment and dementia—A systematic review

Tian

Chastan

Bair

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

126

112

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While gait variability may reflect subtle changes due to aging or cognitive impairment (CI), associated brain characteristics remain unclear. We summarize structural and functional neuroimaging findings associated with gait variability in older adults with and without CI and dementia. We identified 17 eligible studies; all were cross-sectional; few examined multiple brain areas. In older adults, temporal gait variability was associated with structural differences in medial areas important for lower limb coordination and balance. Both temporal and spatial gait variability were associated with structural and functional differences in hippocampus and primary sensorimotor cortex and structural differences in anterior cingulate cortex, basal ganglia, association tracts, and posterior thalamic radiation. In CI or dementia, some associations were found in primary motor cortex, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. In older adults, gait variability may be associated with areas important for sensorimotor integration and coordination. To comprehend the neural basis of gait variability with aging and CI, longitudinal studies of multiple brain areas are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The brain map of gait variability in aging, cognitive impairment and dementia—A systematic review

Tian

Chastan

Bair

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

126

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Several studies [2,4,5] analysed the gait pattern of faller and non-faller elderly and pathological subjects in daily-living conditions using indexes assumed to quantify the motor performance and the underlying motor control. However, limited knowledge is available regarding if and how the testing environment (e.g.…”

Section: Table Nomenclature Herementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These indexes were selected, among those previously used to detect changes in the gait pattern [4,12,29,30], based on the available number of consecutive strides per trial, which would ensure a reliability of at least 20% [11,31].…”

Section: Table 1 Here (Walking Conditions)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving from laboratory to real life conditions: Influence on the assessment of variability and stability of gait

et al. 2018

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The availability of wearable sensors allows shifting gait analysis from the traditional laboratory settings, to daily life conditions. However, limited knowledge is available about whether alterations associated to different testing environment (e.g. indoor or outdoor) and walking protocols (e.g. free or controlled), result from actual differences in the motor behaviour of the tested subjects or from the sensitivity to these changes of the indexes adopted for the assessment. In this context, it was hypothesized that testing environment and walking protocols would not modify motor control stability in the gait of young healthy adults, who have a mature and structured gait pattern, but rather the variability of their motor pattern. To test this hypothesis, data from trunk and shank inertial sensors were collected from 19 young healthy participants during four walking tasks in different environments (indoor and outdoor) and in both controlled (i.e. following a predefined straight path) and free conditions. Results confirmed what hypothesized: variability indexes (Standard deviation, Coefficient of variation and Poincaré plots) were significantly influenced by both environment and walking conditions. Stability indexes (Harmonic ratio, Short term Lyapunov exponents, Recurrence quantification analysis and Sample entropy), on the contrary, did not highlight any change in the motor control. In conclusion, this study highlighted an influence of environment and testing condition on the assessment of specific characteristics of gait (i.e. variability and stability). In particular, for young healthy adults, both environment and testing conditions affect gait variability indexes, whereas neither affect gait stability indexes.

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“…Several parameters have been considered for distinguishing fallers and non-fallers behaviour in elderly people. Some of them involve: Gait rhythmicity [149];Spectral analysis on accelerometry data during specific exercises [150];Temporal gait parameters [151];Gait stability and symmetry [152];Time and mediolateral acceleration and spectral analysis in a sit-to-stand test [153];Sway range, sway length and sway velocity while standing [154];Angle, velocity and acceleration of pelvis movement during walking [155];Stride dynamics and gait variability [156];Harmonic ratio, index of harmonicity, multiscale entropy and recurrence quantification analysis of acceleration during gait [157];Lateral harmonic stability on gait [158];Wavelet-transform during sit-to-stand [159];Refined composite multiscale entropy and refined multiscale permutation entropy during walking [160];Combinations of the previous variables [161,162,163]. …”

Section: Wearables For Senior Citizens: Related Work and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Refined composite multiscale entropy and refined multiscale permutation entropy during walking [160];…”

Section: Wearables For Senior Citizens: Related Work and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Activity Trackers for Senior Citizens: Research Perspectives, Commercial Landscape and the Role of the Insurance Industry

Tedesco

Barton

O’Flynn

2017

Sensors

108

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The objective assessment of physical activity levels through wearable inertial-based motion detectors for the automatic, continuous and long-term monitoring of people in free-living environments is a well-known research area in the literature. However, their application to older adults can present particular constraints. This paper reviews the adoption of wearable devices in senior citizens by describing various researches for monitoring physical activity indicators, such as energy expenditure, posture transitions, activity classification, fall detection and prediction, gait and balance analysis, also by adopting consumer-grade fitness trackers with the associated limitations regarding acceptability. This review also describes and compares existing commercial products encompassing activity trackers tailored for older adults, thus providing a comprehensive outlook of the status of commercially available motion tracking systems. Finally, the impact of wearable devices on life and health insurance companies, with a description of the potential benefits for the industry and the wearables market, was analyzed as an example of the potential emerging market drivers for such technology in the future.

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The complexity of daily life walking in older adult community-dwelling fallers and non-fallers

Cited by 72 publications

References 29 publications

The brain map of gait variability in aging, cognitive impairment and dementia—A systematic review

The brain map of gait variability in aging, cognitive impairment and dementia—A systematic review

Moving from laboratory to real life conditions: Influence on the assessment of variability and stability of gait

A Review of Activity Trackers for Senior Citizens: Research Perspectives, Commercial Landscape and the Role of the Insurance Industry

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