The Complexity of Structures Involved in T-Cell Activation

Goodman, Joel W.; Sercarz, Eli E.

doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.01.040183.002341

Cited by 74 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…However, whereas the 185-kDa SA elicits both helper and suppressor activities, the 4-kDa SA peptide elicits only helper activity [8]. These results were comparable with those reported for P-galactosidase, in that a large 90 amino acid (AA) peptide induces both helper and suppressor T cell activities, whereas a 9 AA peptide (44-52) activates only helper activity [9]. An 11 AA peptide (27-37) which induces suppressor function was also identified.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Distinct peptide determinants have been identified in generating T cell helper and suppressor functions with P-galactosidase [9], lysozyme [16] and hepatitis B surface antigen [17]. First we identified the 185-kDa SA determinants responsible for T cell helper and suppressor activities [5, 181. This was followed by separation of the small molecular mass (3.8 kDa) SA which elicited only T cell helper and no suppressor activity, both in natural immunity of human subjects and in active immunization of rhesus monkeys [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effect of immunization with a 14‐kda streptococcal antigen on primate t cell and b cell responses

Fellowes¹,

Fortune²,

Bergmeier³

et al. 1988

Eur J Immunol

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A streptococcal antigen (SA) of 185 kDa was isolated from Streptococcus mutans and this antigen induced in vitro helper, suppressor and contrasuppressor activities with primate peripheral blood lymphocytes. The 185-kDa SA was then treated by sodium dodecyl sulfate and yielded a 4-kDa SA which was capable of eliciting only helper activity. We have now cleaved the 185-kDa SA with cyanogen bromide, in an attempt to identify suppressor and contrasuppressor determinants. A 14-kDa SA was separated from the cyanogen bromide digest and its ability to elicit T cell and B cell functional activities was tested in rhesus monkeys. Whereas the 185-kDa SA (and 4-kDa SA) elicited high serum anti-SA antibodies and the CD4 cells showed an increase in DNA synthesis, this was not demonstrable with the 14-kDa SA. However, the 14-kDa SA, unlike the 185-kDa SA, activated a significant proportion of CD4 and CD8 cells to bind the Vicia villosa lectin (VV) and this is a characteristic feature of contrasuppressor cells. We then studied the effect of sequential immunization of monkeys with the 14-kDa SA, followed by the 185-kDa SA. The results of this showed suppression of the CD4 proliferative response, in the presence of a normal antibody production. We suggest that the split tolerance between the T cell proliferative and B cell differentiating functions might be interpreted on the basis of suppressor CD8 cells inhibiting the CD4 proliferative phase and the VV-adherent CD8 cells contrasuppressing B cell antibody formation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of immunization with a 14‐kda streptococcal antigen on primate t cell and b cell responses

Fellowes¹,

Fortune²,

Bergmeier³

et al. 1988

Eur J Immunol

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“…However, since the recognition ofpeptide antigens is controlled by immune response genes and is often restricted to a given major histocompatibility complex haplotype (20), it is unclear whether a single peptide fragment can be applied as a vaccine in an outbred population. We have previously shown that mice immunized with liposomes containing herpes simplex virus I (HSV-1) or HSV-2 peptides are protected against a lethal HSV-2 challenge and that Lyt-2' cells, and not antibody, are responsible for this protection (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of protective immunity against rabies by immunization with rabies virus ribonucleoprotein.

Dietzschold

Wang

Rupprecht

et al. 1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

159

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We have studied the ability of rabies virus ribonucleoprotein (RNP) to induce a protective immune response in animals against lethal challenge with rabies and rabies-related lyssa viruses. Liposomes containing either RNP or the glycoprotein (G protein) of a variant virus with multiple alterations in the G antigenic structure conferred no or poor protection, respectively, against lethal intracerebral challenge with rabies virus. By contrast, liposomes containing RNP and the variant G protein induced a good protective response, comparable to that achieved with inactivated virus vaccine against intracerebral challenge. Moreover, mice or raccoons immunized with RNP alone resisted lethal peripheral challenge with homologous or heterologous virus strains. These results indicate that the RNP of rabies virus plays a crucial role in induction of protective immunity.

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“…the differenc� in regulatory T-cell responses of responder versus nonresponder mice and the opportunity to study nearly pure suppressor T-cell responses in nonrespondel mice-have proven most useful for t h e study of immune regulation. Other well-characterized suppressor T-cell systems also utilized antigens the response to which is under H-2-linked Ir gene control (23,89). Splenic cell extracts from GAT nonresponder mice yield suppressor T-cell factors that fu nction in vivo and in vitro (90).…”

Section: Suppressor T-cell Subsetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressor Cells and Immunoregulation

Dorf¹,

Benacerraf²

1984

Annu. Rev. Immunol.

307

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We have described a model system of immunoregulation in which gene products associated with both the major histocompatibility complex and the heavy-chain immunoglobulin gene complex guide a series of cellular interactions. The Igh genetic restrictions may represent the use of internal images of antigen and idiotype as suppressor-T cell receptors. The data indicate that the T-cell and B-cell Igh products are distinct. The T cell-derived idiotype-like determinants are used for suppressor-T cell communications. The MHC restrictions generally involve the I-J subregion. These restrictions are imposed by the presentation of antigen or suppressor factor by specialized populations of I-J bearing accessory cells. The role of MHC products in the induction of suppressor cells has several homologies with the mechanisms responsible for the induction of H-2-restricted helper cells. First, I-region products on specialized presenting cells determine the specificity and genetic restrictions of the T cells. Thus, recognition of antigen in the context of I-A and I-E products is required for helper-T cell induction, and similarly the various suppressor-T cell subsets recognize antigen or suppressor factor presented in the context of I-J subregion-encoded antigens. Furthermore, the data suggest that the suppressor cells bear receptors for self I-J products. As an additional analogy between suppressor and helper cells, we have shown that in H-2-heterozygous F1 animals at least two populations of suppressor cells can be induced, one specific for each parental H-2 haplotype. The NP and ABA suppressor-cell pathways consist of multiple cellular elements, including at least three and possibly four distinct T-cell populations and two or more distinctive accessory cell populations. These are summarized in Figure 1. The specific soluble suppressor factors produced by each suppressor-T cell subset are involved in cellular communication processes. The terminal phases of the suppressor-cell cascade are antigen dependent but involve nonspecific bystander effects. In this review we have indicated the numerous homologies between the data in the hapten systems studied in our laboratories and the various other suppressor-cell models previously described in the literature.

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The Complexity of Structures Involved in T-Cell Activation

Cited by 74 publications

References 79 publications

The effect of immunization with a 14‐kda streptococcal antigen on primate t cell and b cell responses

The effect of immunization with a 14‐kda streptococcal antigen on primate t cell and b cell responses

Induction of protective immunity against rabies by immunization with rabies virus ribonucleoprotein.

Suppressor Cells and Immunoregulation

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