“…For empirical evidence on the productive government spending, see Bom and Ligthart (2014). of productive public services or public goods for production following Futagami, Iwaisako, and Ohdoi (2008), Kamiguchi and Tamai (2011), and Albertini, Poirier, and Roulleau-Pasdeloup (2014). However, the quantitative results of the two perspectives are similar.…”