The Composition of the Surface Skin Fat (‘Sebum’) from the Human Forearm

MacKenna, R. M. B.; Wheatley, Victor R.; Wormall, A.

doi:10.1038/jid.1950.69

Cited by 109 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Sebum is present as a thin film on the skin. An average thickness of about 0.7 µm is reported for the forearm (17). Studies utilizing microscopy show these soils present in the interfiber capillaries (16,(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Human Sebummentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It is a complex mixture of wax esters, cholesteryl esters, cholesterol, squalene, hydrocarbons, and triglycerides that, upon hydrolysis by bacterial and skin lipases, gives mono-and diglycerides and free fatty acids (17)(18)(19). Accordingly, oily material extracted from used textile articles has been reported to contain saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids ranging in length of the carbon chain from 7 to 22 atoms; glycerides of these acids; saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols ranging in length of the carbon chain from 14 to 22 atoms; sterols, principally cholesterol; esters of these alcohols and sterols; and hydrocarbons, particularly the unsaturated hydrocarbon, squalene (1,20).…”

Section: Human Sebummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aging of oily soils on textile materials: A literature review

Chi

Obendorf

1998

J Surfact & Detergents

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Literature covering the problems of oily soil aging on textile materials is reviewed. Difficulty of soil removal and discoloration of oily soiled fabrics were the main problems of aged oily soil reported by researchers. Yellowing of fabrics is attributed mainly to residual oily soils although there are other causes. Oxidation of unsaturated oils was suggested as the cause of problems related to aging of oily soils; thus, the autoxidation mechanisms of unsaturated lipids are an important part of this review. The effects of aging on oily soil removal are attributed to this oxidation of unsaturated oils, wicking of oils into small capillaries within the yarn structure, and possible chemical linkages of aged oils with fibers. Thus, included in this review are studies on the interactions between lipid oxidation products and proteins that suggest interaction between aged oily soils and fiber substrates. JSD 1, 407-418 (1998).

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Section: Human Sebummentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Human Sebummentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging of oily soils on textile materials: A literature review

Chi

Obendorf

1998

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…A small concentration of squalene with a rapid turnover has been identified in rat liver (8). Larger concentrations have been found in human sebum-like materials, including sebum (9)(10)(11)(12), ear wax (9,11), hair fat (13), smegma (9), dermoid cyst fat (11,14), and vernix caseosa (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Squalene in Human and Rat Blood Plasma*

Goodman¹

1964

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Dermatologic studies investigated the chemical composition of palmar sweat and sebum [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], allowing the identification of main components of fingerprint residues in early years [15,16]. For typical compounds, such as fatty acids, triglycerides, and wax esters, condensation, evaporation, oxidation, racemization, absorption, and adsorption were reported as possible aging processes [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acid Structure and Degradation Analysis in Fingerprint Residues

Pleik

Spengler

Schäfer

et al. 2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. GC-MS investigations were carried out to elucidate the aging behavior of unsaturated fatty acids in fingerprint residues and to identify their degradation products in aged samples. For this purpose, a new sample preparation technique for fingerprint residues was developed that allows producing N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) derivatives of the analyzed unsaturated fatty acids and their degradation products. MSTFA derivatization catalyzed by iodotrimethylsilane enables the reliable identification of aldehydes and oxoacids as characteristic MSTFA derivatives in GCMS. The obtained results elucidate the degradation pathway of unsaturated fatty acids. Our study of aged fingerprint residues reveals that decanal is the main degradation product of the observed unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, oxoacids with different chain lengths are detected as specific degradation products of the unsaturated fatty acids. The detection of the degradation products and their chain length is a simple and effective method to determine the double bond position in unsaturated compounds. We can show that the hexadecenoic and octadecenoic acids found in fingerprint residues are not the pervasive fatty acids Δ9-hexadecenoic (palmitoleic acid) and Δ9-octadecenoic (oleic acid) acid but Δ6-hexadecenoic acid (sapienic acid) and Δ8-octadecenoic acid. The present study focuses on the structure identification of human sebum-specific unsaturated fatty acids in fingerprint residues based on the identification of their degradation products. These results are discussed for further investigations and method developments for age determination of fingerprints, which is still a tremendous challenge because of several factors affecting the aging behavior of individual compounds in fingerprints.

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The Composition of the Surface Skin Fat (‘Sebum’) from the Human Forearm

Cited by 109 publications

References 27 publications

Aging of oily soils on textile materials: A literature review

Aging of oily soils on textile materials: A literature review

Squalene in Human and Rat Blood Plasma*

Fatty Acid Structure and Degradation Analysis in Fingerprint Residues

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