The Computer-Controlled Multicompartmental Dynamic Model of the Gastrointestinal System SIMGI

Abstract

The SIMGI (SIMulator Gastro-Intestinal) is an automated gastrointestinal in vitro model designed to dynamically simulate the physiological processes taking place during digestion in the stomach and small intestine, as well as to reproduce the colonic microbiota responsible for metabolic bioconversions in the large intestine. This computer-controlled system is a fl exible modulating system that combines a gastric compartment that operates with peristaltic mixing movements, a reactor simulating the small intestine and three-stage continuous reactors that reproduce the colon region-specifi c microbiota. The compartments designed for digestion (stomach and small intestine) and fermentation (colon) can be connected to operate jointly. Alternatively, the digestion and fermentation processes can proceed independently. This section describes the conditions needed to inoculate, stabilize and differentiate the fecal microbiota in the SIMGI system, as well as the steps to follow in order to test the stabilized colonic microbiota with different food ingredients and/or by modifying the caloric intake in the nutrition media.

Electrospray‐assisted fabrication of core‐shell arabinoxylan gel particles for insulin and probiotics entrapment

“…This characteristic allows the AX‐gelled particles to be stable under the acidic pH of the stomach. Chitosan, pectin, and alginate gels are not stable under simulated acidic of the stomach . Nanoparticles of chitosan/Arabic gum containing insulin were evaluated at pH 1.2, these particles were damaged releasing about 90% of the insulin .…”

“…In addition, the SI, AC, TC, and DC are maintained in anaerobic conditions with a continuous flow of nitrogen. The reactors are always in agitation to simulate the peristaltic movements . At the beginning of the experiment, the last three reactors (AC, TC, and DC) were inoculated with bacteria from the fecal sample of a diabetic volunteer (type 1 diabetes) who had no history of antibiotic treatment in the 6 months prior to fecal sample collection for the study.…”

“…At the beginning of the experiment, the last three reactors (AC, TC, and DC) were inoculated with bacteria from the fecal sample of a diabetic volunteer (type 1 diabetes) who had no history of antibiotic treatment in the 6 months prior to fecal sample collection for the study. Inoculum preparation, retention time, pH, temperature settings, and reactor feed composition were described previously . A complete gastrointestinal simulation was performed with an intake of MBAX 6%/ins‐MWAX 10%/ Bifidobacterium particles containing 5.25 mg of insulin/g particle and 1 × 10 7 CFU/g particle.…”

Strategic Approaches for Colon Targeted Drug Delivery: An Overview of Recent Advancements

“…Recently, SIMGI (SIMulator Gastro-Intestinal) as an automated in silico model, enables to simulate the physiological processes in GI tract and also to reproduce the microbiota in the colon [110]. This computational model is applicable to examine the food effects on modulating the gut microbiota and its metabolic activity.…”

Progress in microencapsulation of probiotics: A review

“…Moreover, this system also enables proliferation of colonic microbiota. The SIMGI can feed the small intestine contents into colonic vessels when only colonic microbial metabolism is of interest in a study (Barroso, Cueva, Pelaez, Martinez-Cuesta, & Requena, 2015;Cueva et al, 2015;Tamargo et al, 2019). The TNO in vitro model of the upper GIT (stomach and small intestine; TIM-1) and colon model (TIM-2 ) are widely used to simulate the human gut (Minekus, Marteau, Havenaar, & Huisintveld, 1995).…”