The constructal law and the evolution of design in nature

Bejan, Adrian; Lorente, Sylvie

doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2011.05.010

Cited by 317 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Lorente [31] shows that the application of constructal law in all fields of educational design is a wide road to future advances. This paper is borne out of the work of Kim et al [7], who theoretically and numerically analysed vascularised materials with heating from one side and coolant forced from the other side for parallel plates and cylindrical channel configurations in an attempt to find the channel configurations that minimised the non-uniform temperature distribution of a vascularised solid body.…”

Section: Stated This Law As: For a Finite-size System To Persist In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical optimisation of laminar forced convection heat transfer through a vascularised solid with square channels

Olakoyejo

Bello‐Ochende

Meyer

2012

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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This paper presents a three-dimensional geometric optimisation of cooling channels in forced convection of a vascularised material with the localised self-cooling property subjected to a heat flux. A square configuration was studied with different porosities. Analytical and numerical solutions were provided. The geometrical configuration was optimised in such a way that the peak temperature was minimised at every point in the solid body. The optimisation was subject to the constraint of a fixed global volume of solid material, but the elemental volume was allowed to morph. The solid material was subject to a heat flux on one side and the cooling fluid was forced through the channels from the opposite direction with a specified pressure difference. The structure had three degrees of freedom as design variables: the elemental volume, channel hydraulic diameter and channel-to-channel spacing. A gradient-based optimisation algorithm was used to determine the optimal geometry that gave the lowest thermal resistance. This optimiser adequately handled the numerical objective function obtained from numerical simulations of the fluid flow and heat transfer. The numerical results obtained were in agreement with a theoretical formulation using scale analysis and the method of intersection of asymptotes. The results obtained show that as the pressure difference increases, the minimised thermal resistance decreases. The results also show the behaviour of the applied pressure difference on the optimised geometry. The use of 2 the optimiser made the numerical results to be more robust with respect to the optimum internal configurations of the flow systems and the dimensionless pressure difference.

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Section: Stated This Law As: For a Finite-size System To Persist In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical optimisation of laminar forced convection heat transfer through a vascularised solid with square channels

Olakoyejo

Bello‐Ochende

Meyer

2012

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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“…The field was reviewed regularly [6][7][8][9], and now it is expanding even more rapidly. No less than 13 books have been published on the constructal law since 2006 [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Design Evolution As Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Constructal Law: Optimization as Design Evolution

Bejan

2015

Journal of Heat Transfer

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Here, I review the physics meaning of optimization, knowledge and design evolution, and why these concepts and human activities are profoundly useful for human life. A law of physics is a concise statement that summarizes a phenomenon that occurs in nature. A phenomenon is a fact, circumstance, or experience that is apparent to the human senses and can be described. The design in nature phenomenon facilitates access for everything that flows, evolves, spreads, and is collected: river basins, atmospheric and ocean currents, animal life and migration, and technology (the evolution of the "human-andmachine species," wealth, life). This phenomenon is summarized by the constructal law: the occurrence and evolution of designs in nature, its time direction. Based on its record, the constructal law accounts for the design phenomenon and also for all the phenomena that have been described individually (ad-hoc) with end-design (destiny) statements of "optimality" (min, max). Most notably, the constructal law accounts for contradictory end-design statements such as minimum entropy production and maximum entropy production, and minimum flow resistance and maximum flow resistance.

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“…Constructal Design is the method used to evaluate geometries in every flux systems based on objectives and constraints. The physical principle used to explain the generation and evolution of design (configuration, shape, structure, pattern, rhythm) unifying animate and inanimate flux systems is the Constructal Law [8]. Constructal Law states that if a system has freedom to morph, it develops in time the flow architecture that provides easier access to the currents that flow through it [8,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physical principle used to explain the generation and evolution of design (configuration, shape, structure, pattern, rhythm) unifying animate and inanimate flux systems is the Constructal Law [8]. Constructal Law states that if a system has freedom to morph, it develops in time the flow architecture that provides easier access to the currents that flow through it [8,9,10]. Constructal Law has been employed to explain deterministically the generation of shape and structure in nature, for instance, in the formation of global circulation and climate [11], design of human and animals movement [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometrical evaluation of a resin infusion process by means of constructal design

Lorenzini¹,

Nardi²,

Amico³

et al. 2016

IJHT

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The resin infusion is a manufacturing technology usually applied to produce structures made of composite materials widely employed in automotive, marine and aerospace industries. This process consists on the injection of a polymeric resin in a closed mold composed of porous medium and non-porous channels, which facilitates the resin propagation along the mold domain. The main purpose here is to show that Constructal Design can be applied to guide the design of this kind of process. More precisely, it is investigated the influence of geometry of a two dimensional resin flow in I and T-shaped nonporous channels intruded into a rectangular plate composed of a porous medium over resin time injection along all domain, mimicking an infusion process. The I-shaped channel has one Degree of Freedom (DOF) while T-shaped channel has three DOFs. The other degree of freedom for both problems is the ratio between the height and length of the porous plate. For all simulations the ratio between the channel and plate volume is constant ( = 0.05). The conservation equations of mass and momentum for the resin-air mixture and one equation for transport of volumetric fraction of resin are solved with the Finite Volume Method (FVM). The interaction between the phases is treated with the method Volume of Fluid (VOF) and resistance of porous medium is taken into account with Darcy's law. Results showed that Constructal Design improves nearly 140 % and 139 % in resin time injection for I and T-shaped channels without formation of voids inside the plate domain. The best shape achieved with I-shaped channel is that one with higher penetration into the porous plate, as expected. However, for T-shaped channel an intermediate configuration led to the best results, contrarily to what was noticed for previous studies of cavities where the best shapes are obtained when the simple and bifurcated branches have the highest penetration inside the high resistance domain.

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The constructal law and the evolution of design in nature

Cited by 317 publications

References 106 publications

Mathematical optimisation of laminar forced convection heat transfer through a vascularised solid with square channels

Mathematical optimisation of laminar forced convection heat transfer through a vascularised solid with square channels

Constructal Law: Optimization as Design Evolution

Geometrical evaluation of a resin infusion process by means of constructal design

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