The construction of a genetic linkage map of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus subsp. idaeus) based on AFLPs, genomic-SSR and EST-SSR markers

Abstract

Breeding in raspberry is time-consuming due to the highly heterozygous nature of this perennial fruit crop, coupled with relatively long periods of juvenility. The speed and precision of raspberry breeding can be improved by genetic linkage maps, thus facilitating the development of diagnostic markers for polygenic traits and the identification of genes controlling complex phenotypes. A genetic linkage map (789 cM) of the red raspberry Rubus idaeus has been constructed from a cross between two phenotypically different cultivars; the recent European cultivar Glen Moy and the older North American cultivar Latham. SSR markers were developed from both genomic and cDNA libraries from Glen Moy. These SSRs, together with AFLP markers, were utilised to create a linkage map. In order to test the utility of the genetic linkage map for QTL analysis, morphological data based on easily scoreable phenotypic traits were collected. The segregation of cane spininess, and the root sucker traits of density and spread from the mother plant, was quantified in two different environments. These traits were analysed for significant linkages to mapped markers using MapQTL and were found to be located on linkage group 2 for spines and group 8 for density and diameter. The availability of co-dominant markers allowed heterozygosities to be calculated for both cultivars.

Genetic differentiation of Rubus chamaemorus populations in the Czech Republic and Norway after the last glacial period

“…(2004) and by Castillo, Reed, Graham, Fernández‐Fernández, and Bassil (2010). The PCRs with fluorescently labeled primers (6‐fam, vic, ned.…”

Environmental and seasonal influences on red raspberry flavour volatiles and identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes

“…Glen Moy 9 North American cv. Latham, were utilised (Graham et al 2004). 'Latham' yields small, firm, dark glossy fruit, both sweet and aromatic, late in the season, whereas 'Glen Moy' produces large, pale, soft berries of very sweet flavour character earlier in the season.…”

“…An evolving genetic linkage map from this reference population was available (Graham et al 2004(Graham et al , 2006 Kassim et al 2009;McCallum et al 2010;Woodhead et al 2010Woodhead et al , 2012. Genes related to volatile regulation were identified and were mapped when polymorphism was detected.…”

“…Six of the seven linkage groups presented here (named as in Graham et al 2004) have recently been associated with Fragaria linkage groups FLGVII, FLGIII, FLGVI, FLGII, FLGV and FLG1, respectively, with LG 7 not currently associated (Bushakra et al 2012) allowing access with the diploid strawberry genome sequence which will be useful in future gene identification within QTL.…”

Development and application of high-throughput amplified fragment length polymorphism technique in Calluna vulgaris (Ericaceae)

“…Since its initial description by Vos et al (1995) Albert et al 2003); Rubus: Graham et al 2004;Gaylussacia: Pooler et al 2006) and Osteospermum (Asteraceae: Gawenda and Debener, 2009). As a result of the technological progress, this marker system is currently and routinely applied for genetic, evolutionary and ecological studies (Meudt and Clarke, 2007).…”