The Content of Mineral Elements and Heavy Metals in the Hair of Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i> L.) from Selected Regions of Poland

Cygan-Szczegielniak, Dorota; Stanek, Magdalena; Stasiak, Karolina; Roślewska, Aleksandra; Janicki, Bogdan

doi:10.3409/fb_66-3.14

Cited by 15 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…They feed on vegetation growing in a given area of the habitat. The type of diet can strongly influence the concentration of individual elements in the tissues of these animals [ 5 , 6 ]. Therefore, game species, including red deer, can be used as bioindicators of environmental pollution [ 5 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type of diet can strongly influence the concentration of individual elements in the tissues of these animals [ 5 , 6 ]. Therefore, game species, including red deer, can be used as bioindicators of environmental pollution [ 5 , 27 ]. On the other hand, meat, liver and kidneys are consumed by humans, and for this reason, the presence of harmful xenobiotics in these organs can pose a real threat to human health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, meat, liver and kidneys are consumed by humans, and for this reason, the presence of harmful xenobiotics in these organs can pose a real threat to human health. Considering the above, the assessment of the safety and quality of food products sourced from game is very important [ 2 , 5 , 6 , 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both xenobiotics, Pb and Cd, enter living organisms via two major routes: enteral and respiratory [ 3 ], and due to their high mobility in the natural environment and strong tendency to accumulate, they undergo biomagnification in the food chain [ 4 ]. Game species spend their whole life in their natural habitats, and therefore, their tissues can be used as excellent indicators for the measurement of local pollution levels [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The transfer of elements from soil to plants and animals also depends on soil conditions, i.e., redox potential, pH or the content, of organic matter and plant physiology [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some plants tend to accumulate more pollutants [ 10 ] of which the consumption by an animal is a source of direct exposure to these compounds and their increased accumulation in animal tissues [ 7 ]. Toxic elements can accumulate in hard tissues, such as bones, teeth [ 7 , 8 ] and antlers [ 9 ], in hair [ 3 , 5 , 13 , 14 ] and in the parenchymal organs, such as the liver [ 4 , 15 , 16 ], muscles [ 6 , 17 ] and kidneys [ 4 , 18 ]. Red deer living in a given area have different access to essential trace elements and toxic elements, which is reflected in their different concentration in animal tissues [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Levels of Mineral Elements and Toxic Metals in the Longissimus lumborum Muscle, Hair and Selected Organs of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in Poland

Cygan-Szczegielniak

2021

Animals

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The aim of the study was to analyse correlations and variability between the levels of mineral elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Na, K, Ca and Mg) and toxic metals (Pb and Cd) in the longissimus lumborum muscle, hair and selected organs of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.). The levels of mineral elements were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS). The levels of Pb and Cd were analysed by means of electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ET-AAS). Of all analysed microelements, the highest concentration (in g·kg−1 of dry weight) was found for Fe in the liver. Considering all macroelements, the highest level was found for K in the longissimus lumborum muscle. Particularly remarkable was the high level of Pb in the muscle and hair of red deer. The level of Cd in the hair was four to five times lower than in other samples. The study revealed many significant correlations between the levels of certain elements in individual tissues and organs. There were significant correlations between Cu-Fe (rxy = 0.650; p ≤ 0.01), Pb-Cu (rxy = −0.863; p ≤ 0.01) and Cd-Ca (rxy = −0.743; p ≤ 0.01) in testicles. For kidneys, a significant negative correlation was found for K and Na (rxy = −0.779; p ≤ 0.01) and for Ca and Cd (rxy = −0.695; p ≤ 0.01), and a positive correlation between Cu and Mn (rxy = 0.693; p ≤ 0.01). In the liver, significant negative correlations were found between Ca-K (rxy = −0.654; p ≤ 0.05), Cd-Fe (rxy = −0.651; p ≤ 0.05) and Pb-Cu (rxy = −0.627; p ≤ 0.05). In the muscle, only single significant correlations were found between Cd and Mn (rxy = 0.648; p ≤ 0.05). The highest number of significant correlations were recorded for the hair, among others between Na-K (rxy = 0.760) and Ca-Zn (rxy = 0.709) at p ≤ 0.01. The study revealed high variability in the levels of mineral elements and selected toxic metals in tissues, organs and hair of red deer. Additionally, this research confirmed that the accumulation of a specific metal in a tissue or organ can reduce its concentration in another matrix or promote its increased content in another tissue or organ.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Levels of Mineral Elements and Toxic Metals in the Longissimus lumborum Muscle, Hair and Selected Organs of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in Poland

Cygan-Szczegielniak

2021

Animals

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Effects of age and sex on the content of heavy metals in the hair, liver and the longissimus lumborum muscle of roe deer Capreolus capreolus L.

Cygan-Szczegielniak

Stasiak

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of age and sex on the content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu) in the hair, liver and the longissimus lumborum muscle of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.). In addition, correlations between heavy metals in individual tested matrices were studied as well as an attempt was made to explain the reasons for their accumulation in specific research matrices. The levels of Zn and Cu were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS). The levels of Pb and Cd were analysed by means of electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ET-AAS). In the own research, sex-related statistically significant differences in concentrations of analysed elements were confirmed. Higher levels of the elements were observed in samples collected from does (except for Cd in the liver samples of 6–7-month-old male fawns) but only in some cases, these values were statistically significantly higher. In some cases, age-related differences in the content of individual metals were also confirmed. Age-dependent increased Pb levels in the muscle and liver were reported in 6–7-month-old, <3–4-year-old, <5–6-year-old males. Similar relationships were confirmed for Zn in the bucks’ muscles. In the group of does, the increase in heavy metal concentrations with aging was observed for Zn in the muscle and for Pb in the liver. In the other cases, the trend of age-related level changes regarding heavy metals was not clearly demonstrated. Significant positive correlations between Cu and Cd were found for all samples, and significant negative correlations of Cu with Pb were found for the hair and liver. There was a negative correlation of Zn with Cu in all matrices. The study also revealed a negative correlation between Zn and Pb in muscle and a strong significant negative correlation between Zn and Cd in hair and in the liver.

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Toxic and essential metal levels in the hair of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) for monitoring the contamination in protected areas of South-Western Spain

Oropesa

Ramos

Gomez

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The Content of Mineral Elements and Heavy Metals in the Hair of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) from Selected Regions of Poland

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

The Levels of Mineral Elements and Toxic Metals in the Longissimus lumborum Muscle, Hair and Selected Organs of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in Poland

The Levels of Mineral Elements and Toxic Metals in the Longissimus lumborum Muscle, Hair and Selected Organs of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in Poland

Effects of age and sex on the content of heavy metals in the hair, liver and the longissimus lumborum muscle of roe deer Capreolus capreolus L.

Toxic and essential metal levels in the hair of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) for monitoring the contamination in protected areas of South-Western Spain

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