The Continued Vitality of Structured Sentencing Following Blakely: The Effectiveness of Voluntary Guidelines

Pfaff, John F.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.869977

Cited by 11 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Cependant, l'infl uence que peuvent avoir les offi ciers de la justice criminelle sur les résultats des peines varie d'un pays à l'autre. D'une part, de nombreux États américains n'offrent aucune ou très peu de pouvoir discrétionnaire à leurs juges (Pfaff, 2006). D'autre part, au Canada, les juges bénéfi cient d'un pouvoir discrétionnaire juridique (Bala et al, 2009) leur permettant d'infl uencer les résultats des peines (Cesaroni et Bala, 2008).…”

Section: Résumé De L'articleunclassified

Le rôle des facteurs développementaux dans la détermination de la responsabilité morale chez les jeunes : une étude pilote évaluant les opinions d’experts légaux et cliniques

Demacheva

Bonn

Lucero

et al. 2013

crimino

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Récemment, la recherche sur le développement cognitif fait part d’une grande source d’information concernant la responsabilité morale attribuable aux délinquants juvéniles. Cependant, l’intégration de ces connaissances dans le milieu légal demeure largement théorique. En utilisant un sondage en ligne, nous avons évalué les opinions, les croyances et les attitudes d’experts légaux et cliniques à propos de l’impact des facteurs développementaux sur la responsabilité morale des jeunes. Nos résultats suggèrent que la communauté légale est modérément consciente de la recherche émergente en science développementale portant sur la responsabilité morale des jeunes. Or le fossé entre la théorie et la pratique persiste. En ce qui a trait à la responsabilité morale des adolescents et leur capacité à subir un procès, par exemple, les policiers attribuent significativement moins d’importance aux facteurs développementaux que ne le font les experts cliniques. Nous soulignons le besoin d’un dialogue plus rapproché entre le droit et la science développementale pour favoriser la création d’un consensus et pour améliorer le traitement des jeunes délinquants.Evidence from developmental science sheds new light on legal aspects pertaining to the blameworthiness of youth ; however, incorporating these findings into the youth criminal justice system has been largely unsuccessful. Using an online survey, we probed the opinions, beliefs, and attitudes of legal and clinical specialists concerning the extent to which developmental parameters affect youth culpability and their ability to stand trial. Our findings suggest that while the majority of legal and clinical experts acknowledge the impact of developmental factors on the legal responsibility of youth, others (e.g., law enforcement) often underestimate such data. Here we outline how a closer dialogue between law professionals and developmental scientists will better facilitate a sorely overdue legal practice that fashions itself more closely after evidence-based science.Recientemente, las investigaciones sobre el desarrollo cognitivo son parte de una gran fuente de información referente a la responsabilidad moral atribuible a los delincuentes juveniles. Sin embargo, la integración de dichos conocimientos en el sistema de justicia de menores se encuentra muy limitada. Utilizando el sistema informático gratuito en línea, LimeSurvey, hemos evaluado las opiniones, las creencias y las actitudes de los expertos legales (Ej. los oficiales de policía, los abogados, los jueces) y clínicos (Ej. los psicólogos, los psiquiatras, los trabajadores sociales) en lo referente a el impacto de los factores de desarrollo sobre el nivel de responsabilidad de los jóvenes y de su aptitud a someterse a un proceso judicial. Nuestros resultados sugieren que, mientras la mayoría de los expertos legales y clínicos reconocen el rol de la ciencia del desarrollo en la justicia penal, algunos expertos (Ej. los oficiales de policía) subestiman su importancia. Nosotros sostenemos que un diálogo mas cercano entre la ci...

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Section: Résumé De L'articleunclassified

Le rôle des facteurs développementaux dans la détermination de la responsabilité morale chez les jeunes : une étude pilote évaluant les opinions d’experts légaux et cliniques

Demacheva

Bonn

Lucero

et al. 2013

crimino

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…And in some cases, they have mustered anecdotal or historical evidence in cor-2 roboration. But the causes of prison population growth have so far defied efforts at more rigorous empirical examination (Pfaff 2008a). A central failing of almost all efforts has been conceptual: they have sought primarily to explain the forces shaping total prison population, not admissions or releases.…”

Section: The Myths and Realities Of Correctional Severity: Evidence Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper provides both a rich descriptive account of time served in prison as well as a more rigorous econometric examination of how trends in time served are shaped by inmate characteristics such as race, sex, age, and conviction offense. A companion article (Pfaff 2008b) explores how macro-level forces such as crime rates, economic conditions, demographic shifts, and politics have influenced these trends.…”

Section: The Myths and Realities Of Correctional Severity: Evidence Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This section considers the importance of several inmate-specific characteristics-race, sex, age, and offense-on release times. Elsewhere, I examine the causal effect of more macro-level factors, such as state economic health and state politics, on the observed trends in time served (Pfaff 2008b). …”

Section: The Determinants Of Sentence Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distributions are more or less constant within the violent and property categories as well, although California, Illinois, Kentucky, and Washington see theft take up a larger fraction of property crimes at the expense of burglary. As I have discussed elsewhere (Pfaff 2006), changing offense classifications in the NCRP for drug crimes make it hard to draw clear inferences within that category.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Myths and Realities of Correctional Severity: Evidence from the National Corrections Reporting Program on Sentencing Practices

Pfaff¹

2008

SSRN Journal

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Race and Women’s Imprisonment: Poverty, African American Presence, and Social Welfare

et al. 2011

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Female imprisonment rates have increased proportionately more than male imprisonment rates over recent decades. There are substantial race differences in women's rates, as is the case for men. Yet, there has been little quantitative research on the correlates of women's imprisonment using data over time, or on potential race differences in those correlates. The present research analyzes data on black and nonblack female imprisonment rates in the 50 states for the period 1981-2003. The analyses are guided substantively by existing research on race, social threat and criminal punishment, and theory and research on the penal-welfare hypothesis. The study uses bivariate-response multilevel modeling to simultaneously examine the factors associated with black and nonblack women's imprisonment rates. The results show that black female imprisonment rates increase when the concentration of African Americans in metropolitan areas and poverty rates grow, whereas nonblack female imprisonment rates are unaffected by poverty rates and actually decrease when African American populations become more concentrated in metro areas. Both black An earlier version of this paper was presented at the and nonblack women's imprisonment rates increase when welfare spending declines. The results are consistent with social threat perspectives and the penal-welfare hypotheses.

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The Continued Vitality of Structured Sentencing Following Blakely: The Effectiveness of Voluntary Guidelines

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Le rôle des facteurs développementaux dans la détermination de la responsabilité morale chez les jeunes : une étude pilote évaluant les opinions d’experts légaux et cliniques

Le rôle des facteurs développementaux dans la détermination de la responsabilité morale chez les jeunes : une étude pilote évaluant les opinions d’experts légaux et cliniques

The Myths and Realities of Correctional Severity: Evidence from the National Corrections Reporting Program on Sentencing Practices

Race and Women’s Imprisonment: Poverty, African American Presence, and Social Welfare

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