“…initial examples of third places include cafes, barbers, pubs and piazzas. The third place concept has been applied to place-based research to include other public places such as libraries (Houghton et al, 2013), market places (Mele, 2015), franchised food outlets , pop up parks (McGlone, 2016) and virtual spaces (Steinkuehler & Williams, 2006;Williams & Kim, 2019). Community gardens have also been described as third places in a number of studies, however, the assertion has not been systematically and critically investigated (Calderon et al, 2014;Glover, 2004;Veen 2015).…”