The Continuous Inverse Class-F Mode With Resistive Second-Harmonic Impedance

Abstract

In this paper, an extended version of the continuous class-mode power amplifier (PA) design approach is presented. A new formulation describing the current waveform in terms of just two additional parameters, while maintaining a constant half-wave rectified sinusoidal voltage waveform, allows multiple solutions of fundamental and second-harmonic impedances that provide optimum performance to be computed. By varying only the imaginary parts of fundamental and second-harmonic impedances, it is shown that output performance in terms of power and efficiency is maintained constant and equal to that achievable from the standard class-. Indeed, when presenting resistive second-harmonic impedances, it will be demonstrated that the fundamental load can be adjusted to maintain satisfactory output performances greater than a certain predetermined target value. The measurements, conducted on a GaAs pHEMT device at 1 GHz, show a good agreement with the theoretical analysis, revealing drain efficiencies greater than 70% for a very large range of load solutions, which can translate to an ability to accommodate reactive impedance variations with frequency when designing broadband PAs.Index Terms-Broadband amplifiers, microwave devices, microwave measurements, power amplifiers (PAs), radio frequency (RF).

Highly Efficient Broadband Continuous Inverse Class-F Power Amplifier Design Using Modified Elliptic Low-Pass Filtering Matching Network

“…The standard CCF -1 PA mode, which originates from the inverse Class-F PA mode, presents a half-wave rectified sinusoidal voltage waveform v(θ) at the intrinsic current-generator plane of the device [6]:…”

“…The Class-J PA, first presented by Cripps [1], offers a wide range of high performance solutions that can be obtained over a wide bandwidth by allowing a reactive component at the fundamental and reactive terminations at the harmonics [2]. This principle was then extended to both the Class-F and inverse Class-F modes [3]- [6], in the form of the continuous Class-F (CCF) and continuous inverse Class-F (CCF -1 ) modes, respectively. The advantage of such advanced PA modes is that high efficiency amplifications can be achieved across wide bandwidth because stringent harmonic impedance requirements are alleviated.…”

Design of broadband inverse class-F power amplifier based on resistive-reactive series of inverse continuous modes

“…3. It can easily be seen that the second harmonic impedance is no longer pure imaginary, and correspondingly fundamental and harmonic impedance space is extended compare to [7] and [9]. The above is the principle of the whole impedance expansion process, the following section will describe the application of this principle.…”

“…This method which was applied to the continuous class F mode was proposed by V. Carrubba in 2011 [8]. Subsequently, he used this method to design a class inverse F PA in 2012 [9]. The general Class-J mode, which offer a bigger design space for the fundamental and harmonic terminations, is introduced to implement wideband PA [10].…”

Environmental friendly mobile radio networks: Approaches of the European OPERA-Net 2 project

“…Ca considering and developing novel high-effic width PA architectures [18] that allow pot ciency and linearity to be improved simultane Figure 5. The basic ET PA configura DC power supply architectures optimiz BTS are being addressed by consortium p Traditionally, the macro cell BTS equipmen -48Vdc by a power system that includes r batteries and power distribution units.…”