The Contribution of Crime to Urban Decline

Katzman, Martin T.

doi:10.1080/00420988020080591

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Multiunit occupancy rate is the highest in the lowest age-class (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). It falls sharply for the [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and again for the 36-45 years age-class. After plateauing over the 36-45, 46-55, and 56-65 years age-classes, multiunit occupancy rate rises relatively modestly for the 66-75 years age-class and again for the 76-85 years age-class.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Growth in Multiunit Housing Demand since the Great Recession: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Mehrotra

Carter

2017

Urban Studies Research

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growth in multiunit housing starts has been exceptionally strong and sustained. In this study, we examine empirical evidence for three possible explanations, namely, the passage of Baby Boomers into senior years, the depressed economic conditions, and rising preference of recent birth cohorts for residing in urban cores. Applying Age-PeriodCohort analysis to census data on multiunit housing occupancy from 1970 to 2010, we find evidence to support the explanations that a sharp increase in demand from Millennials drawn to urban cores and retiring Baby Boomers are contributing to the growth in multiunit housing starts. The results provide weak evidence of a negative relationship between depressed economic conditions and demand for multiunit housing starts. Over the long term, demand for multiunit housing can be expected to moderate as a result of the projected aging of the population.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Growth in Multiunit Housing Demand since the Great Recession: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Mehrotra

Carter

2017

Urban Studies Research

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“…Destacam-se aí os trabalhos de Skogan (1986;, Bursik (1986), Katzman (1980), Sampson e Wooldredge (1986).…”

Section: Teoria Da Desorganização Socialunclassified

Determinantes da criminalidade: arcabouços teóricos e resultados empíricos

Cerqueira¹,

Lobão²

2004

Dados

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INTRODUÇÃOEntender o que leva as pessoas a cometer crimes é uma tarefa árdua. Afinal, não há consenso sobre uma verdade universal (ainda que seja uma meia verdade temporária 1 ), mesmo que esta se refira a uma determinada cultura, em um dado momento histórico. Como explicar que em uma comunidade onde haja dois irmãos gêmeos, um deles enverede pela via do narcotráfico, ao passo que o outro prefira seguir o caminho da legalidade? 233 *Gostaríamos de deixar registrado nosso agradecimento ao professor Luiz Eduardo Soares pela generosidade em compartilhar tantos ensinamentos e pelos momentos felizes e intensos vividos na Coordenadoria de Segurança Pública do Rio de Janeiro. Agradecemos pela fraternal cooperação, aos amigos: Jacqueline Muniz, Julita Lemgruber, Silvia Ramos, Jairo Nicolau, Bárbara Musumeci, Leonarda Musumeci, Ignacio Cano, Túlio Kahn, Yolanda Catão, Roberto Kant de Lima e Claudio Beato. Nosso reconhecimento aos colegas do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada -IPEA pelas enriquecedoras discussões, em especial, a Sergei Soares, pelos sempre pertinentes comentá-rios, e a Roberto Martins, Ricardo Paes de Barros e Lauro Ramos, que tanto apoio deram aos primeiros passos dessa longa jornada de estudos em crime e segurança pública no Brasil. Por fim, gostaríamos de expressar nossa gratidão aos dois pareceristas anôni-mos de Dados, que nos brindaram com valiosas e perspicazes sugestões que permitiram o aprimoramento deste trabalho.

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“…Riger and Lavrakas (1981) provide an early account of how community ties may contribute to building an emotionally based feeling of attachment that creates a perception of safety and self-efficacy in residential neighbourhoods. Katzman (1980) provides an equally early account of how perception of criminal activity may be an important factor of urban decline by selectively disincentivating potential movers -in particular, families with children and affluent people, independently of the ethnic group. An economically motivated paper by Rizzo (1979), moreover, underlines how one of the major consequences of the fear of crime, and thus of its consequences for potential victims, is that it causes changes in property values, and thus urban degradation, whose cost is borne mainly by local residents, also in terms of costs of self-protection.…”

Section: The Socio-psycho-economics Of Defensive Behaviour: a Few Insmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Security vs. Private Self-Protection: Optimal Taxation and the Social Dynamics of Fear

Antoci

Sacco²,

Sodini

2010

SSRN Journal

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SummaryIn this paper, we develop a simple model of social dynamics governing the evolution of strategic self-protection choices of boundedly rational potential victims facing the threat of prospective offenders in a large population with random matching. We prove that individual (and socially transmitted) fear of exposure to criminal threats may actually condition choices even in the face of objective evidence of declining crime rates, and thereby cause the eventual selection of Pareto inefficient equilibria with self-protection. We also show that a suitable strategy of provision of public security financed through discriminatory taxation of self-protective expenses may actually overcome this problem, and drive the social dynamics toward the efficient no protection equilibrium. In our model, we do not obtain, as in Cressman et al. (1998), a crowding-out result such that the net impact of public spending on the actual social dynamics is neutral and the economy keeps on cycling between phases of high and low criminal activity with varying levels of self-protection; quite to the contrary, it can be extremely effective in implementing the social optimum, in that it acts primarily on the intangible dimension, that is, on the social dynamics of fear. We claim that this kind of result calls for more interdisciplinary research on the socio-psychoeconomic determinants of fear of crime, and for consequent advances in modelling approaches and techniques. Keywords AcknowledgementsWe thank Giandomenico Amendola and Emanuele Mori for useful discussions, while retaining full responsibility for the paper. SummaryIn this paper, we develop a simple model of a social dynamics governing the evolution of strategic selfprotection choices of boundedly rational potential victims facing the threat of prospective offenders in a large population with random matching. We prove that individual (and socially transmitted) fear of exposure to criminal threats may actually condition choices even in the face of objective evidence of declining crime rates, and thereby cause the eventual selection of Pareto inefficient equilibria with selfprotection. We also show that a suitable strategy of provision of public security financed through discriminatory taxation of self-protective expenses may actually overcome this problem, and drive the social dynamics toward the efficient no protection equilibrium. In our model, we do not obtain, as in Cressman et al. (1998), a crowding-out result such that the net impact of public spending on the actual social dynamics is neutral and the economy keeps on cycling between phases of high and low criminal activity with varying levels of self-protection; quite to the contrary, it can be extremely effective in implementing the social optimum, in that it acts primarily on the intangible dimension, that is, on the social dynamics of fear. We claim that this kind of result calls for more interdisciplinary research on the socio-psycho-economic determinants of fear of crime, and for consequent advances in modelling approac...

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The Contribution of Crime to Urban Decline

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

Determinants of Growth in Multiunit Housing Demand since the Great Recession: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Determinants of Growth in Multiunit Housing Demand since the Great Recession: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Determinantes da criminalidade: arcabouços teóricos e resultados empíricos

Public Security vs. Private Self-Protection: Optimal Taxation and the Social Dynamics of Fear

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