The contribution of Hind III C>G PAI-1 gene polymorphism in etiology of recurrent miscarriages

The Role of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 (PAI-1) in Placenta-Mediated Pregnancy Complications: A Systematic Review

“…Table 2 shows extracted data from the 11 studies investigating the association between PAI-1 levels in pregnant women and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. Of the 71 included studies, 15 were rated good, 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 39 were rated fair, 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 and 17 were rated poor. 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92…”

“…Twenty-one studies investigated cases with preeclampsia, 22 24 34 35 36 45 47 49 54 61 67 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 86 87 92 45 studies investigated cases with pregnancy loss described as pregnancy loss, 27 29 31 39 50 51 52 59 60 64 66 68 81 90 91 miscarriage, 23 28 30 38 40 41 42 44 53 55 56 57 58 62 65 76 78 79 88 abortion, 37 43 48 63 77 83 89 fetal loss, 46 80 82 or intrauterine fetal death. 84 One study investigated cases delivering still birth, 33 one study investigated cases delivering newborns meeting the criteria for intrauterine growth restrictions, 26 and three studies investigated cases with various adverse pregnancy outcomes.…”

“…All studies except one 41 studied the -675 4G/5G polymorphism (rs1799768). Three studies investigated the -844 G > A polymorphism (rs2227631).…”

“…27 29 47 Jeon et al studied the 43G > A polymorphism (rs6092), the 9785G > A polymorphism (rs2227694), and the 11053T > G polymorphism (rs7242), 27 whereas Barlik et al studied the Hind III C > G polymorphism (rs11560324). 41…”

“…The definition differed across studies according to gestational week and number of pregnancy losses. Four studies (9%) investigated only miscarriage in 1 st trimester, 23 58 59 68 11 studies (24%) investigated miscarriage until 20 weeks of gestational age (GA), 27 42 50 51 53 56 62 64 65 76 89 three (7%) until 22 GA, 40 41 57 one (2%) until 23 GA, 28 and three (7%) until 25 GA. 37 38 44 Three studies (7%) investigated women with both early and late losses, 31 39 60 and finally 20 studies (44%) did not define any criterion for when the pregnancy loss occurred. 29 30 43 46 48 52 55 63 66 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 88 90 91 Ten studies (22%) included only cases with three or more pregnancy losses, 23 28 29 30 37 38 42 50 52 58 26 studies (58%) included cases with two or more pregnancy losses, 27 31 39 40 41 44 48 51 53 55 56 57…”