“…In the current study, it is assumed that both reflective learning and active information processing will play a major role in differential processing of PowerPoint presentations. Specifically, reflective learning involves the internalization of information and processing of information in the context of one's self and one's own experiences (Coulson & Harvey, 2013), and has been evidenced to strongly influence the learning process and learning outcomes (e.g., Perusso et al, 2020). Active information processing consists of conscious activity from the learner, such as mental organization and attentional focus, accompanied by major cognitive investment (Mayer, 2001).…”