The contributions and achievements on malaria control and forthcoming elimination in China over the past 70 years by NIPD-CTDR

Feng, Xinyu; Xia, Zhigui; Feng, Jun; Zhang, Li; He, Yao; Tang, Lin-hua; Zhou, Xiao‐Nong; Zhou, Shui-Sen

doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2020.03.005

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Malaria control has achieved great progress in China in the past decades, which were caused of effective control of the malaria epidemic and ensuring the health of the population along with the promotion of social and economic development [ 23 ]. More intensive work on surveillance and response in malaria endemic areas was seen after the NMEP was launched in 2010 [ 9 , 24 , 25 ]. With a strengthening surveillance and response system, the implementation of surveillance and response was standardized as a “1-3-7” surveillance approach, which means case reporting within 1 day, case investigation within 3 days and focus investigation and action within 7 days [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From control to elimination: a spatial-temporal analysis of malaria along the China-Myanmar border

et al. 2020

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Background Malaria cases have declined significantly along the China-Myanmar border in the past 10 years and this region is going through a process from control to elimination. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of malaria along the border, will identify challenges in the progress from control to elimination. Methods National reported malaria cases from China and Myanmar, along with the data of 18 Chinese border counties and 23 townships in Myanmar were obtained from a web-based diseases information reporting system in China and the national malaria control program of Myanmar, respectively. Epidemiological data was analyzed, including the number of reported cases, annual parasite index and proportion of vivax infection. Spatial mapping of the annual parasite index (API) at county or township level in 2014 and 2018 was performed by ArcGIS. The relationship of malaria endemicity on both sides of the border was evaluated by regression analysis. Results The number of reported malaria cases and API declined in the border counties or townships. In 2014, 392 malaria cases were reported from 18 Chinese border counties, including 8.4% indigenous cases and 91.6% imported cases, while the highest API (0.11) was occurred in Yingjiang County. There have been no indigenous cases reported since 2017, but 164 imported cases were reported in 2018 and 97.6% were imported from Myanmar. The average API in 2014 in 23 Myanmar townships was significantly greater than that of 18 Chinese counties (P < 0.01). However, the API decreased significantly in Myanmar side from 2014 to 2018 (P < 0.01). The number of townships with an API between 0 and 1 increased to 15 in 2018, compared to only five in 2014, while still four townships had API > 10. Plasmodium vivax was the predominant species along the border. The number of reported malaria cases and the proportion of vivax infection in the 18 Chinese counties were strongly correlated with those of the 23 Myanmar townships (P < 0.05). Conclusions Malaria elimination is approaching along the China-Myanmar border. However, in order to achieve the malaria elimination in this region and prevent the re-establishment of malaria in China after elimination, continued political, financial and scientific commitment is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2010, the Chinese government launched the National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) 2010–2020 with the goal of eliminating malaria by 2020, sustaining a malaria-free status and prevent re-establishment beyond 2020 (Fig. 1 ) [ 9 , 10 ]. Over the following 5 years, malaria cases decreased substantially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From control to elimination: a spatial-temporal analysis of malaria along the China-Myanmar border

et al. 2020

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“…In China, malaria control has achieved great progress in the past decades, be caused of effective control of the malaria epidemic and ensuring the health of the population along with the promotion of social and economic development [34]. More intensive work on surveillance and response in malaria endemic areas was seen after the NMEP was launched in 2010 [9,35,36]. With a strengthening surveillance and response system, particularly for identifying the local and imported malaria cases, the implementation of surveillance and response was standardized as a "1-3-7" surveillance approach, which means case reporting within one day, case investigation within three days and focus investigation and action within seven days [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2010, the Chinese government launched the National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) 2010-2020 with the goal of eliminating malaria by 2020, sustaining a malaria-free status and prevent re-establishment beyond 2020 ( Fig. 1) [9,10]. Over the following ve years, malaria cases decreased substantially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Control to Elimination: A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Malaria Along the China-Myanmar Border

Huang¹,

Zhang²,

Xue³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Malaria cases have declined significantly along the China-Myanmar border in the past 10 years and this region is going through a process from control to elimination. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of malaria along the border, will identify challenges in the progress from control to elimination. Methods: National reported malaria cases from China and Myanmar, along with the data of 18 Chinese border counties and 23 townships in Myanmar were obtained from a web-based diseases information reporting system in China and the national malaria control program of Myanmar, respectively. Epidemiological data was analyzed, including the number of reported cases, annual parasite index and proportion of vivax infection. Spatial mapping of the API at county or township level in 2014 and 2018 was performed by ArcGIS. The relationship of malaria endemicity on both sides of the border was evaluated by regression analysis. Results: The number of reported malaria cases and API declined in the border counties or townships. In 2014, 392 malaria cases were reported from 18 Chinese border counties, including 8.42% indigenous cases and 91.58%% imported cases, while the highest API (0.11) was occurred in Yingjiang County. There have been no indigenous cases reported since 2017, but 164 imported cases were reported in 2018 and 97.56% were imported from Myanmar. The average API in 2014 in 23 Myanmar townships was significantly greater than that of 18 Chinese counties (P<0.01). However, the API decreased significantly in Myanmar side from 2014 to 2018 (P<0.01). The number of townships with an API between 0~1 increased to 15 in 2018, compared to only five in 2014, while still four townships had API>10. Plasmodium vivax was the predominant species along the border. The number of reported malaria cases and the proportion of vivax infection in the 18 Chinese counties were strongly correlated with those of the 23 Myanmar townships (P<0.05).Conclusions: Malaria elimination is approaching along the China-Myanmar border. However, in order to achieve the malaria elimination in this region and prevent the re-establishment of malaria in China after elimination, continued political, financial and scientific commitment is required.

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“…In addition, the lack of a complete information reporting system before the appearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 has also inhibited these evaluations [ 7 ]. Therefore, based on an incomplete statistical estimate, we can hypothesize that there were an estimated 6.97 million malaria patients nationwide (Taiwan not included), with an annual incidence rate of 12.29/1000 in 1954 [ 8 ]. It is worth noting that the majority of current TTM cases identify P. vivax as the causative agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Situation of Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria in China

Lin

2021

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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Although China is moving toward the eradication of malaria and no indigenous malaria has been reported in most Chinese provinces for several years, recent evaluations have revealed that imported cases remain a major challenge to eliminating malaria, with the number of transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) cases increasing over time. Here, we review several TTM case reports published after the implementation of the National Malaria Elimination Program in 2010. A total of 12 TTM cases were reported in China between 2013 and 2018. All recipients and donors were diagnosed using rapid diagnosis test and peripheral blood smears. Plasmodium species in donors with low-density parasites were identified using PCR. Nine (75.0%) were identified as Plasmodium falciparum, two (16.7%) were identified as Plasmodium vivax, and one (8.3%) was identified as Plasmodium ovale. All were imported from malaria-endemic areas. New action plans designed to meet the challenges of TTM are necessary to ensure the elimination of malaria in China. Paying more attention to the frequency of TTM could help to enhance blood safety in China.

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The contributions and achievements on malaria control and forthcoming elimination in China over the past 70 years by NIPD-CTDR

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

From control to elimination: a spatial-temporal analysis of malaria along the China-Myanmar border

From control to elimination: a spatial-temporal analysis of malaria along the China-Myanmar border

From Control to Elimination: A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Malaria Along the China-Myanmar Border

Current Situation of Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria in China

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