The Control of Rabies in Malaysia

Tan, D. S. K.; Shukor, Kardin bin

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70060-6_78

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Pre-emptive vaccination is another option to protect rabies-free regions; for example, an ‘immune-belt,’ an area in which dogs must be vaccinated, was established in the 1950s in northern Malaysia along the Thai border [44]. The World Health Organization recommends repeated mass parenteral vaccination of 70% of dog populations to achieve herd immunity [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies-induced behavioural changes are key to rabies persistence in dog populations: Investigation using a network-based model

2019

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Canine rabies was endemic pre-urbanisation, yet little is known about how it persists in small populations of dogs typically seen in rural and remote regions. By simulating rabies outbreaks in such populations (50–90 dogs) using a network-based model, our objective was to determine if rabies-induced behavioural changes influence disease persistence. Behavioural changes–increased bite frequency and increased number or duration of contacts (disease-induced roaming or paralysis, respectively)–were found to be essential for disease propagation. Spread occurred in approximately 50% of model simulations and in these, very low case rates (2.0–2.6 cases/month) over long durations (95% range 20–473 days) were observed. Consequently, disease detection is a challenge, risking human infection and spread to other communities via dog movements. Even with 70% pre-emptive vaccination, spread occurred in >30% of model simulations (in these, median case rate was 1.5/month with 95% range of 15–275 days duration). We conclude that the social disruption caused by rabies-induced behavioural change is the key to explaining how rabies persists in small populations of dogs. Results suggest that vaccination of substantially greater than the recommended 70% of dog populations is required to prevent rabies emergence in currently free rural areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies-induced behavioural changes are key to rabies persistence in dog populations: Investigation using a network-based model

2019

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“…Most recently, Malaysia experienced an outbreak of rabies (ProMED‐mail, archive number 20150825.3599775, http://www.promedmail.org, accessed 20/11/15) which was successfully eliminated. Laboratory and community‐based surveillance underpinned identification and assessment of the extent of the outbreak, as well as response to a combination of intensive—and previously successful—control measures including an “immune‐belt” in which dogs must be vaccinated and public education campaigns to maintain a high level of public awareness (Tan & Shukor, ). Other countries that have successfully eliminated canine rabies in Asia include Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and South Korea (Tenzin & Ward, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring animal rabies endemicity to inform control programmes in Punjab, India

Brookes

Gill

Singh

et al. 2017

Zoonoses and Public Health

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SummaryPrevious studies estimate that one-third of the annual global burden of rabies (~20,000 cases) occurs in India. Elimination of canine rabies is essential to reduce this burden.Surveillance of animal cases can assess both the risk to humans and the efficacy of control strategies. The objective of this study was to describe the spatial and temporal Long-term temporal trend was not detected in dog and cattle cases. Time-series models identified significant cross-correlation between dog and buffalo cases, suggesting that buffalo cases were spillover events from dogs. Significant spatio-temporal variation or clusters of cases were not detected. These results indicate that rabies cases in animals-and therefore, the potential for exposure to humans-were temporally and spatially stable during 2004-2014 in Punjab, India. The endemic nature of rabies transmission in this region demands a coordinated, sustained control programme. This study provides baseline information for assessing the efficacy of rabies control measures and developing seasonally targeted dog vaccination and rabies awareness strategies.

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“…Pre-emptive vaccination is another option to protect rabies-free regions; for example, an ‘immune-belt,’ an area in which dogs must be vaccinated, was established in the 1950s in northern Malaysia along the Thai border (27). The World Health Organization recommends repeated mass parenteral vaccination of 70% of dog populations to achieve herd immunity (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies-induced behavioural changes are key to rabies persistence in dog populations: investigation using a network-based model

Brookes

Duerr

Ward

2019

Preprint

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18Canine-rabies was endemic pre-urbanisation, yet little is known about how it persists in small 19 populations of dogs typically seen in rural and remote regions. Our objectives were to simulate 20 rabies outbreaks in such populations (50-90 dogs) using a network-based model, and 21 investigate the influence of rabies-induced behavioural changes. 22Such changes -increased bite frequency and either roaming or paralysis that increased the 23 number or duration of contacts, respectively -were essential for disease propagation. Spread 24 occurred in approximately 50% of model simulations and in these, very low case rates (2.0-2.6 25 cases/month) over long durations (95% range 20-473 days) were predicted. Consequently, 26 disease detection is a challenge, risking human infection and spread to other communities via 27 dog movements. Even with 70% pre-emptive vaccination, spread occurred in >30% of model 28 simulations (in these, median case rate was 1.5/month with 95% range of 15-275 days 29 duration). 30We conclude that the social disruption caused by rabies-induced behavioural change is the key to 31 explaining how rabies persists in small populations of dogs. We predict that vaccination of 32 substantially greater than the recommended 70% of dog populations is required to prevent rabies 33 emergence in currently free rural areas. 34 35

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The Control of Rabies in Malaysia

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Rabies-induced behavioural changes are key to rabies persistence in dog populations: Investigation using a network-based model

Rabies-induced behavioural changes are key to rabies persistence in dog populations: Investigation using a network-based model

Exploring animal rabies endemicity to inform control programmes in Punjab, India

Rabies-induced behavioural changes are key to rabies persistence in dog populations: investigation using a network-based model

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