The convergence of nanotechnology‐stem cell, nanotopography‐mechanobiology, and biotic‐abiotic interfaces: Nanoscale tools for tackling the top killer, arteriosclerosis, strokes, and heart attacks

Abstract

The nanotechnology‐stem cell has enabled the engineering of nanotopographical surfaces for mimicking the topological features of nano‐stem cell interfaces and stem cell niches. The nanotechnology‐stem cell, an abiotic–biotic model, the impact of the multi‐functional materials underlying support on nanomaterials interactions with stem cells plays a significant role in the development of the nanoscale tools for tracking the top killer, arteriosclerosis, strokes, and heart attacks. The biomimetic topographical surfaces, employed in cell mechanobiology (cell adhesions, migrations, and differentiation) and tissue engineering. The conformational features of the scaffold (ridges, grooves, whorls, pits, and pores, and symmetry) alter stem cell behavior and differentiation. Biomedical engineering is offering promises and explaining how the convergence of nanotechnology and stem cells has emerged as novel therapeutics. The analysis of mechanotransduction and tissue engineering is the key factor, which altogether influence the stem cell niche, can be considered for originating nanno‐stem cell interface, and a useful remedy for treating cardiovascular diseases. The Hippo pathway underlined the signaling cascade responsible for inhibiting cell proliferation. Notch signaling is a key pathway that regulates the modulation of cardiomyocyte survival, cardiac stem cell differentiation. The Wnt/β‐catenin signaling involved in chronic infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II), cardiomyocytes, and cardiac fibroblasts.

"Brain Ischemia, and Reperfusion Injury: A Clinical and Physiological Investigation of Neuroinflammation and Chronic Neuroinflammatory Diseases"

“…These complications come into existence just because of ischemic stroke, which destroys neuronal circuits and induces the process of apoptosis of nerve cells. Meanwhile, cerebral oedema and inflammation initiated, after ischemic damage, these unwanted cellular events intensify prognosis and signs of stroke and later on, initiate tissue damages [1]. If the brain inflammation can be treated, then there are huge possibilities for recovery from ischemic stroke (Figure 1).…”

"Emerging Role of Neutrophils in Wound Healing and Tissue Repair: The Routes of Healing"

“…That is why, the role of neutrophils in tissue damage and repair of cutaneous wounds is important. The unresolved questions interrelated to the intriguing immune cell were countered by underlining the key whys and wherefores of physiology and highlighting recent findings [2]. Neutrophils contributed to normal tissue homeostasis and the process of healing by impelling angiogenesis and cell proliferation.…”

Information Transmission through Biotic–Abiotic Interfaces to Restore or Enhance Human Function

“…Research into the biotic, interface, and abiotic modules may be further distinguished by focusing on the medium (or vector) of information exchange. Information transmission at the biotic–abiotic interface may be encoded in a variety of mediums, such as light, electrophysiological state (electrons, protons, or ions), biological molecules (polypeptides or polynucleotides), temperature, or mechanical motion (sound, pressure, tension, or motion) . This Review will primarily focus on engineering approaches that use either light or electrical signaling to interface between biotic and abiotic systems (Figure ), two mediums that have the capacity to rapidly convey signals across interfaces in a reliable and accurate manner.…”