The Correlation between Anti-GAD65 and Coxsackievirus B-IgG (CVB-IgG) in Type 1 Diabetes-Coxsackievirus B (T1D-CVB) Patients

Abstract

Coxsackieviruses are one of the main causes of type 1 diabetes, due to the sequence similarity between the protein 2 C (P2-C) in the structure of the virus and the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoantigen in human beta-cells. The study aims to detect the anti-GAD65 and specific anti-CVB IgG in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) patients to study the correlation between the levels of the GAD65 autoantigen and CVB- IgG autoantibody in T1D-CVB patients. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2018 to July 2019 at Babylon Diabetic Center in Marjan Teaching city, Babylon teaching hospital for maternity and children and college of medicine at the University of Babylon. A total of 150 samples were obtained from diabetic patients and 50 samples from non-diabetic individuals as control. Diabetic mellitus (DM) patients diagnosed by clinical features, RBS test (above 200 mg/dL) and HbA1c test (above 6.5%). Anti-Gad and CVB-IgG detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) . The study showed the age group A2 (1-5 years), the females group (B1), and rural group (C1) more susceptible to T1D-CVB infection. The study exhibited a positive correlation between anti-gad and anti-CVB-IgG (r = 0.644**) in T1D-CVB patients.

Evaluation of Anti-GAD65 and HbA1c Prevalence among Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes of Some Iraqi Children

“…The presence of circulating anti-GAD65 antibodies have been proposed as predictive markers of T1DM [10]; The result of the present study goes with results of an Iraqi study demonstrated 88.6% of T1DM patients were positive to anti-GAD65 [11]; The results also in accordance with Tunisian study, 84.6 percent of children with newly diagnosed diabetes had seropositive anti-GAD65 antibodies (within six months of diagnosis) [12] and accords with abroad study that found (89%) of seropositivity rate were also among the patients with new-onset T1DM using the anti-GAD65 ELISA test [13]. In contrast, other Iraqi studies exhibited a lower percentage of anti-GAD65 seropositivity [14]and [15]. Those conflicting results might be explained by the varying cut-off values used in diagnostic kits to determine test sensitivity [11] and/or varying the autoimmunity progression level from person to person among different populations [16].…”