The Correlation of the Hepcidin Ferritin Ratio and the Severity of Liver Cirrhosis

Rey, Imelda; Effendi-Ys, Rustam; Sukatendel, Khairani

doi:10.5220/0010070304290432

Cited by 1 publication

(6 citation statements)

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“…They are also useful preventive methods through screening and removing polyps or premalignant lesions in the colorectal. The popular endoscopic techniques to remove colon polyps or precancer growths are polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) [1,9,10,13].…”

Section: Colonoscopy and Biopsymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cancer stage, circumferential resection margin, lymph-vascular invasion, perineural invasion, and genotyping are considered as well to decide on the need for and the type of adjuvant therapy. Therapeutic management is ideally a multidisciplinary approach consisting of accurate diagnosis, cutting-edge surgical technique, biomarker tests, optimal selection of drugs/procedure, and informed consent [5,[11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the later stages, however, surgery cannot stop the growth or spreading. Available options for stage 4 CRC patients are: blockage-removal surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy to reduce the tumor size, pain relief, treatment to manage the side effects of medication, and counseling [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunotherapy block the cancer cells' ability that stop the immune system, and is recommended for advanced CRC show MSI-high. Numerous newly developed therapies and biomarkers are available and reviewed in this article [1,[12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Systemic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adenomatous polyps, sessile serrated lesions and traditional serrated adenomas can grow into colorectal cancer. In the serrated pathway, RAS and RAF mutations were found, as well as disturbances in the Wnt signaling pathway, and CpG island methylation [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers as a Therapeutic Approach in Colorectal Carcinoma

Effendi-YS,

Rey,

Rey

2024

Advances in Diagnosis and Therapy of Colorectal Carcinoma

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This review highlights the most promising biomarker tests of tumor tissue from colonoscopy biopsy for more individualized therapeutic approaches to patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Biomarkers are a key tool in early detection, survival, and predicting treatment response and prognostic value. The tests can help doctors to select a specific CRC treatment and targeted therapy. CRC is the third most common cancer diagnosed, and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, despite the progress made in detection and management through surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. With a population totaling 273,523,621 people, Indonesia has estimated 396,914 new cases of all cancer and 234,511 cancer-related deaths. Among those cancer cases, estimated 34,189 new CRC cases and 17,786 CRC deaths occurred in 2020. Most of CRC cases were located in the rectum compared to those in the distal colon or proximal colon. CRC is a heterogeneous cancer. Its therapeutic approaches vary, depending on the tumor location (proximal, distal colon, or rectum), clinical signs and symptoms, staging and biomarkers such as KRAS and NRAS, BRAF V600E, MSI high (dMMR), CIN, HER2-amplified, PD-1, CTLA-4, MEK, and NTRK gene fusion-positive. CSCs and other biomarkers are being developed and remain under investigation.

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Section: Colonoscopy and Biopsymentioning

confidence: 99%