The cost of antimicrobial resistance

Hofer, Ursula

doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0125-x

Cited by 347 publications

(269 citation statements)

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“…Reductions in medical consultations and treatment of antibiotic-related adverse events could result in more significant cost savings [12]. Furthermore, effects from antibiotic resistance issues are estimated to cost billions of dollars per year globally [46], highlighting the importance of antibiotic stewardship efforts from an economic point of view.…”

Section: Current Status Of Febridxmentioning

confidence: 99%

FebriDx®: A Rapid Diagnostic Test for Differentiating Bacterial and Viral Aetiologies in Acute Respiratory Infections

Shirley

2019

Mol Diagn Ther

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FebriDx ® is a rapid, point-of-care diagnostic test that is designed to aid in the differentiation of bacterial and viral acute respiratory infections (ARIs), thus helping to guide decisions regarding the prescription of antibiotics in the outpatient setting. FebriDx carries a CE mark for use in the EU and is also approved in several other countries, including Canada, Saudi Arabia and Singapore. It is indicated for use in patients > 2 years old with symptoms consistent with a community-acquired ARI. The test involves the use of an immunoassay on a fingerstick blood sample to provide simultaneous, qualitative measurement of elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA). In two prospective, multicentre studies in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections, FebriDx was shown to be both sensitive and specific in identifying patients with a clinically significant infection and in differentiating between infections of bacterial and viral aetiology. The test is simple, requires no additional equipment and produces actionable results in ~ 10 min. As was demonstrated in a small, retrospective analysis, FebriDx results can help guide (improve) antibiotic prescribing decisions. Reducing the unnecessary or inappropriate prescription of antibiotics for ARIs of probable viral aetiology is important for antibiotic stewardship and can also reduce the unnecessary exposure of patients to the risk of antibiotic-related adverse events. FebriDx thus represents a useful diagnostic tool in the outpatient setting. FebriDx®: a summaryA simple, all-in-one, diagnostic test to assist in the diagnosis of bacterial or viral ARIs by measuring the host response to infection Based on a rapid immunoassay that provides simultaneous, qualitative measurement of elevated levels of CRP and MxA Sensitive and specific in identifying patients with a clinically significant infection and in differentiating between infections of bacterial and viral aetiology Produces actionable results in ~ 10 min which can be used to help guide antibiotic prescribing decisions turer of FebriDx was also offered an opportunity to review this article. Changes resulting from comments received were made on the basis of scientific and editorial merit.

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Section: Current Status Of Febridxmentioning

confidence: 99%

FebriDx®: A Rapid Diagnostic Test for Differentiating Bacterial and Viral Aetiologies in Acute Respiratory Infections

Shirley

2019

Mol Diagn Ther

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“…The development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major issue worldwide, associated with increasing morbidity, mortality and health care costs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Globally, the irrational, indiscriminate, and excessive use of antibiotics, including for self-limiting infections, is a key driver of increasing AMR rates and a considerable public health concern 4,9,17-30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ongoing strategies to improve the management of upper respiratory tract infections and reduce inappropriate antibiotic use particularly among lower and middle-income countries: findings and implications for the future

Godman

Haque

McKimm

et al. 2019

Current Medical Research and Opinion

132

170

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“…Bacterial infection brings about 17 million victims annually and has posed a grave economic burden for healthcare due to the increasing antibiotic resistance . The serious drugs resistance of bacteria results from not only the spread of drug‐resistant strains that caused by the misuse of antibiotics, but also the formation of biofilms .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyrin MOF Dots–Based, Function‐Adaptive Nanoplatform for Enhanced Penetration and Photodynamic Eradication of Bacterial Biofilms

Deng

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

205

117

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Recently, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been considered as an attractive treatment option for biofilms ablation. However, even very efficient photosensitizers (PSs) still need high light doses and PS concentrations to eliminate biofilms due to the limited penetration and diffusion of PSs in biofilms. Moreover, the hypoxic microenvironment and rapid depletion of oxygen during PDT severely limit their therapeutic effects. Herein, for the first time, a porphyrin-based metal organic framework (pMOF) dots-based nanoplatform with effective biofilm penetration, self-oxygen generation, and enhanced photodynamic efficiency is synthesized for bacterial biofilms eradication. The function-adaptive nanoplatform is composed of pMOF dots encapsulated by human serum albumin-coated manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ). The pH/H 2 O 2responsive decomposition of MnO 2 in biofilms triggers the release of ultrasmall and positively charged pMOF dots and simultaneously generates O 2 insitu to alleviate hypoxia for biofilms. The released pMOF dots with high reactive oxygen species yield can effectively penetrate into biofilms, strongly bind with bacterial cell surface, and ablate bacterial biofilms. Importantly, such a nanoplatform can realize great therapeutic outcomes for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus-infected subcutaneous abscesses in vivo without damage to healthy tissues, which offers a promising strategy for efficient biofilms eradication.

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The cost of antimicrobial resistance

Cited by 347 publications

References 0 publications

FebriDx®: A Rapid Diagnostic Test for Differentiating Bacterial and Viral Aetiologies in Acute Respiratory Infections

FebriDx®: A Rapid Diagnostic Test for Differentiating Bacterial and Viral Aetiologies in Acute Respiratory Infections

Ongoing strategies to improve the management of upper respiratory tract infections and reduce inappropriate antibiotic use particularly among lower and middle-income countries: findings and implications for the future

Porphyrin MOF Dots–Based, Function‐Adaptive Nanoplatform for Enhanced Penetration and Photodynamic Eradication of Bacterial Biofilms

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