The Cost of Smoking in California

Max, Wendy; Sung, Hai‐Yen; Shi, Yanling; Stark, Brad

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv123

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Current smoking was reported by 15% of our sample compared to 21% observed by Beesley et al in cervical cancer survivors, 4 and 10% in healthy women participating in the 2009 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). 38 Approximately 63% of our sample did not meet recommended guidelines for physical activity, similar to the 61%–70% reported in other studies of cancer survivors 4,6 and to the 68% reported for healthy California women in the 2005 CHIS. 39 While alcohol consumption is difficult to compare due to the categorical response, 9% of cervical cancer survivors consumed 4–10 alcoholic drinks per week while 4% reported consuming >10 per week.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Health Behaviors in Cervical Cancer Survivors and Associations with Quality of Life

Iyer

Osann

Hsieh

et al. 2016

Clinical Therapeutics

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Purpose Improvement in health behaviors following cancer diagnosis may contribute to better prognosis and well-being. This study examines the prevalence of health behaviors in cervical cancer survivors who have completed treatment, and associations between health behaviors and quality of life (QOL). Methods We recruited 204 women who had completed treatment for cervical cancer to participate in a randomized counseling intervention. Participants provided information on health behaviors (smoking, physical activity and alcohol consumption), QOL (FACT-Cx), and depression (PROMIS), anxiety (PROMIS) and distress (Brief Symptom Inventory) at baseline (9–30 months after diagnosis) and subsequent to the intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate general linear models. Findings Participants ranged in age from 20 to 72 years at diagnosis (mean=43), 41% were Hispanic and 52% were non-Hispanic Caucasian. Three-fourths were stage 1 at diagnosis and 51% were treated with radiation with or without chemotherapy. At baseline, 15% of subjects were current smokers, 4% reported alcohol consumption of >10 drinks per week, and 63% reported exercising less than 3 hours per week. Overall, 67.4% of cervical cancer survivors did not meet recommended national guidelines for at least one of these health behaviors. QOL scores were significantly higher for subjects with greater physical activity (128 vs 118, p=0.002) and increased with the number of recommended guidelines met (p for trend = 0.030). Associations between patient-reported outcomes and smoking and alcohol consumption did not reach statistical significance. Participants who met guidelines for all health behaviors also had lower depression (p=0.008), anxiety (p=0.051) and distress (p=0.142). Participants who improved their aggregate health behaviors during the 4 month follow-up experienced a greater improvement in QOL than those who did not improve their health behaviors (10.8 vs. 4.5, p=0.026). Implications Results indicate that two-thirds of cervical cancer survivors are not meeting national guidelines for smoking, physical activity and alcohol consumption following completion of definitive treatment. These adverse health behaviors were associated with impaired QOL and higher levels of depression and distress. Positive changes in health behaviors are associated with significant improvement in QOL.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Health Behaviors in Cervical Cancer Survivors and Associations with Quality of Life

Iyer

Osann

Hsieh

et al. 2016

Clinical Therapeutics

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“…The California Tobacco Control Program (CTCP) has demonstrated significant reductions in overall smoking initiation (Messer et al, 2007; Pierce, Messer, White, Cowling, & Thomas, 2011; Pierce, White, & Gilpin, 2005), cigarette consumption (Al-Delaimy, White, Gilmer, Zhu, & Pierce, 2008; Gilpin, Messer, White, & Pierce, 2006; Pierce, White, & Messer, 2009), and associated reductions in cardiovascular and cancer morbidity and mortality rates (Lightwood & Glantz, 2013; Max, Sung, Shi, & Stark, 2015). As a result, California reaped an overall savings of $134 billion in healthcare expenditures for the state (Lightwood & Glantz, 2013; Max et al, 2015). As a whole, the US has also seen declines in tobacco use and savings due to reductions in health care expenditures and increases in quality of life measures (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use disparities by racial/ethnic groups: California compared to the United States

Sakuma

Felicitas-Perkins

Blanco

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine

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Racial/ethnic disparities in cigarette use and cessation persist. This study compared cigarette consumption and former smoking trends in California (CA) with the rest of the United States (US) by racial/ethnic categories of non-Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian/Pacific Islander groups. Data were analyzed from the 1992 to 2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Consumption levels across decades were examined and adjusted logistic regression models were fit to compare across CA and US. Results indicated steady declines in ever smoking prevalence for all groups with much lower magnitudes of change among US Blacks and Whites compared to their CA counterparts. After controlling for age, gender, and education, CA had significantly fewer heavy smokers (OR = 0.45, 95% CI:0.38–0.54), more light and intermittent smokers (LITS; OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.45–1.93), and a greater proportion of former smokers (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.24–1.48) than the rest of US. Data were stratified by race/ethnicity and the patterns shown were mostly consistent with CA performing statistically better than their US counterparts with the exception of Black LITS and Asian/Pacific Islander former smokers. California's success in reducing tobacco use disparities may serve as a prime example of tobacco control policy for the country. CA and the US will need to continue to address tobacco use and cessation in the context of the growing diversity of the population.

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“…The clinic-based controls included a smaller proportion of former smokers and more never smokers in comparison to our earlier population-based controls. Successful policy initiatives to reduce smoking in California may be reflected in the declining association between cigarette smoking and PC in the SFBA between our Panc1 and our Panc2 studies[38][39][40].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking and risk of pancreatic cancer: a clinic-based case-control study in the San Francisco Bay Area

Lea

Holly

Bracci

2015

Annals of Epidemiology

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The Cost of Smoking in California

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Health Behaviors in Cervical Cancer Survivors and Associations with Quality of Life

Health Behaviors in Cervical Cancer Survivors and Associations with Quality of Life

Tobacco use disparities by racial/ethnic groups: California compared to the United States

Cigarette smoking and risk of pancreatic cancer: a clinic-based case-control study in the San Francisco Bay Area

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