The costs of avoiding accidents: Selective compliance and the ‘Peltzman effect’ in Italy

Benedettini, Simona; Nicita, António

doi:10.1016/j.irle.2012.02.001

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…A subsequent study (Benedettini and Nicita, 2012) found that the Italian PS resulted in increased use of seatbelts and a decrease in car occupant fatalities. However, there was an increase in car driver involvement in fatal crashes involving other road users than car occupants, which they ascribe to driver behaviour adaptation to using seatbelts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of a penalty point system on traffic violations

Sagberg

Ingebrigtsen

2018

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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We analysed data from the Norwegian driver's licence penalty point register over a three-year period, in order to investigate whether the number of incurred penalty points in a given time period can predict the probability of incurring additional points in the subsequent period. Data for all category B drivers without penalty points at the start of the study period were included in the analyses. Norway's penalty point system implies that speeding and various other traffic violations result in two or three penalty points for full-license drivers and four or six points for probationary-license drivers. Eight points within a three-year period results in a six-month disqualification. Two hypotheses were formulated: 1) A "driving style effect" implying that drivers with previous penalty points have a higher probability of incurring new points than drivers without previous points; and 2) a "deterrence effect" implying that drivers with more than four points have a reduced probability of incurring new points, due to impending risk of license revocation. Results showed an inverted U-shaped relationship between number of penalty points incurred during a one-year period and the number of additional penalty points incurred in the subsequent year, with the highest number for drivers with four previous points. Thus, both hypotheses were clearly supported, and it is concluded that the penalty point system has a significant deterring effect for drivers who are at high risk of losing their license at the next infraction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of a penalty point system on traffic violations

Sagberg

Ingebrigtsen

2018

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…However, not only fines affect the behavior of road users but also the peculiarities of the national mentality [28], which has been developing over the centuries [29]. An analysis of the research results [30,31] showed that the degree of influence of such an approach to improving road safety as control over the speed limit with subsequent punishment for violations varies in different countries [30] and even in the regions of one country [31]. The transport system of a country is a set of regional transport systems which in turn unite regional subsystems of the road transport infrastructure, vehicle fleet, regulation of the transport process, ensuring road safety, and many other subsystems that support the transport process.…”

Section: Generally Accepted Road Safety Management Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of the Issue–theoretical Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropy Method of Road Safety Management: Case Study of the Russian Federation

Petrov

2022

Entropy

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Within the framework of this paper, the author’s entropy method of road safety management in large-sized systems is considered. The road safety management system in the Russian Federation, the largest country in the world, was selected for this case study. The purpose of the article is to present the opportunities and methodology of the use of quantitative assessments of the orderliness of the road accident rate formation process in regional transport systems for road safety management. Orderliness, in other words, systemic anti-chaos, can be quantified using the C. Shannon informational entropy H. The article consists of the results of the issue’s state analysis; methodology of assessment of the orderliness of the road accident rate formation process based on the using of the cause-and-effect chain; entropic method of the road safety management in large-scale systems, in particular, the algorithm of management of regional road safety in Russia taking into account the level of its entropic orderliness; and examples of the quantitative evaluation of the orderliness of regional road safety provision systems in Russia. The key results of the research are spatio-temporal patterns of the change of the orderliness of the road safety provision systems in the Russian Federation in 2004–2020. Based on the results, conclusions and recommendations about the practical application of the entropic method of road safety management in large federal states with complex administrative structures were formulated. These results give an idea of the possibilities of the usage of entropic approaches in road safety management to assess the orderliness of the regional transport systems and the advantages of the entropic method over other managerial methods.

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“…An early investigation by Chipman and Morgan (1975) shows that the level of demerit points represents the only characteristics of drivers (age, sex, class of license, history of previous accidents) that may predict future collision involvement. While Haque (1987), Zaal (1994) and Benedettini and Nicita (2012) claim a general positive effect in terms of the decline of the average annual number of casualties after the introduction of DPS, other studies even question the existence of a positive effect, rather stressing the risk of an increase in violations by those who are not deterred by monetary sanctions, after a DPS is introduced. Other empirical investigations (Zaal, 1994;Fondazione Filippo Caracciolo, 2003) show that only a small part of drivers have been caught infringing traffic rules (13-25%) and at most 1% of infringers incurred the non-monetary sanction (driving licence suspension after having lost all their demerit points).…”

Section: Motivation and Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%