The costs of doing two things at once for young and older adults: Talking while walking, finger tapping, and ignoring speech of noise.

Kemper, Susan; Herman, Ruth E.; Lian, Cindy H. T.

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.18.2.181

Cited by 196 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Recent work by Kemper et al [29] underscores the issue of task priority: in this study, young and older adults spoke on topics of general knowledge while walking at a comfortable pace, finger tapping, or ignoring extraneous noise. Speech samples were analyzed in terms of grammatical complexity, sentence length, and content.…”

Section: Experimental Evidencementioning

confidence: 86%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Relations between aging sensory/sensorimotor and cognitive functions

Li¹,

Lindenberger²

2002

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

396

264

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Recent evidence is reviewed to examine relations among sensory, sensorimotor, and cognitive aging. Age-heterogeneous cross-sectional data sets show substantial covariation among sensory, sensorimotor and intellectual abilities, and an increase in covariation from adulthood to old and very old age. Recent longitudinal analyses suggest that changes in sensory and intellectual functioning are interrelated. Experimental studies investigate the interdependence between cognitive and sensory/sensorimotor aging by examining the effects of simulated sensory loss on cognitive performance, or the effects of cognitive load manipulations on sensory or motor performance. Generally, both types of manipulations hinder older adults' performance more than that of younger adults. Theoretically, the age-associated intensification of the links among sensory, sensorimotor and cognitive functions observed both correlationally and experimentally may point to (a) common causes influencing all three functions; (b) an increase in resource overlap, cross-domain resource competition, and compensatory tradeoffs; and (c) a combination of the two. Future research aiming at discerning the relative import of these possibilities would profit from an integration of experimental and correlational research strategies. q 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. In this paper, we review evidence for the hypothesized increase of covariation or interdependence between sensory/sensorimotor and cognitive abilities with advancing age. It is well documented that sensory and sensorimotor abilities decline in the course of normative aging [54,57]. As well, extensive coverage of the normative age-related differences, changes, and continuities in cognitive and intellectual abilities is widely available [10,21]. Rather than reviewing these bodies of literature, we will focus selectively on empirical and theoretical work that has addressed the linkages between these domains with respect to adult development. The relevant evidence can be divided into two broad segments: (a) correlational evidence using crosssectional and longitudinal analyses, and (b) experimental evidence of an increased interdependence between domains. The final portion of our review will be devoted to discussing possible theoretical accounts of the documented relationships. Correlations between sensory, sensorimotor, and cognitive abilitiesObserved relationships between intellectual and sensory functioning have been discussed at length in the past several decades [12,54]. More recently, lifespan developmentalist Paul Baltes proposed that whereas before and during middle adulthood, interindividual variability in cognitive status is driven largely by cultural and environmental factors, in late life, variability might be increasingly constrained by biologically-based factors [7]. Subsequent to this proposal, several large-scale cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have examined the age-related changes in relationship between intellectual and sensory/sensorimotor abilities [3 -6,...

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Section: Experimental Evidencementioning

confidence: 86%

“…In contrast to earlier studies, this literature has also examined more complex cognitive tasks such as walking while talking [29] or walking while memorizing words using mental imagery [31,38].…”

Section: Experimental Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between aging sensory/sensorimotor and cognitive functions

Li¹,

Lindenberger²

2002

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

396

264

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For both of these participant groups, Pohl et al (2011) found no significant difference in the conversational speech rate between the walking and not walking conditions. In contrast, Kemper, Herman, and Lian (2003) investigated conversational speech rate in healthy older adults and found a significant reduction in conversation speech rate while performing concurrent finger tapping or walking tasks.…”

Section: Conversational Speech Ratementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Both the Ho et al (2002) and Kemper et al (2003) studies used concurrent manual tasks. On the other hand, the Pohl et al (2011) study used a concurrent walking task and they elicited conversational speech using a methodology that was very similar to that of the present study.…”

Section: Conversational Speech Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of concurrent walking and interlocutor distance on conversational speech intensity and rate in Parkinson's disease

et al. 2016

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This study examined the effects of concurrent walking tasks and interlocutor distance on conversational speech production in fifteen individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and fourteen age-equivalent controls. Recent studies of speech in PD have demonstrated that changes in the behavioural conditions and the environmental context can have a powerful effect on the severity of speech symptoms in PD. This investigation focused on changes in speech intensity and speech rate in response to changes in walking speed and interlocutor distance. Results suggest that the introduction of a concurrent walking task significantly increased the conversational speech intensity of both controls and individuals with PD. When compared to sitting and talking or standing and talking, current walking and talking appeared to have an energizing effect on conversational speech intensity. In addition, walking faster was associated with a significant increase in conversational speech intensity relative to normal and slow walking speeds. These results provide important new information about the effect of concurrent walking on speech motor performance and speech symptom severity in PD. The potential energizing effect of concurrent walking conditions on conversational speech intensity may be an important consideration in the assessment and treatment of individuals with low speech intensity in PD.

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“…The rate of the sequential tapping was self-paced, and the subjects were instructed to stop after touching each finger once. The finger tapping part of this paradigm was designed to control for the auditory prompt used in VG and to distract the subjects from performing verb generation, as this type of activity is relatively incompatible with continued engagement in verbal processing; finger tapping is known to decrease the ability to generate fluent speech in adults [39,40]. Monitoring finger tapping via closed-circuit TV also provided a gross assessment of task performance by the subjects.…”

Section: Verb Generation Task (Vg)-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive presurgical functional MRI language evaluation in adult patients with epilepsy

Szaflarski

Holland

Jacola

et al. 2008

Epilepsy & Behavior

113

137

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the potential to replace the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP) in presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy patients. In this study, we compared fMRI verb generation (VG) and semantic decision/tone decision (SDTD) tasks and the IAP in their ability to localize language functions in patients with epilepsy undergoing presurgical evaluation. We enrolled 50 healthy controls to establish normal language activation patterns for VG and SDTD tasks at 3 or 4 T, and to design language regions of interest (ROIs) that were later applied to 38 patients with epilepsy (28 of 38 also underwent the IAP). We calculated laterality indices (LIs) for each task for each subject based on the ROIs, and we used general linear modeling to analyze the fMRI data. All healthy and epileptic subjects activated language areas with both fMRI tasks. We found significant correlations in language lateralization between the fMRI tasks (r = 0.495, P ≤ 0.001) and between VG and IAP (r = 0.652, P < 0.001) and SDTD and IAP (r = 0.735, P < 0.001). The differences in LIs between SDTD and VG tasks were small and not affected by age, gender, epilepsy status, handedness, or performance. SDTD and VG tasks combined explained approximately 58.4% in the variability of the IAP/language. In the general linear modeling, only the SDTD task significantly contributed to the determination of language lateralization in patients with epilepsy undergoing presurgical evaluation. Results indicate a moderate convergent validity between both fMRI language tasks and between IAP and fMRI tasks. The results of this study indicate that either of these fMRI tasks can be used for language lateralization in patients with epilepsy undergoing presurgical evaluation, but that the SDTD task is likely to provide more information regarding language lateralization than the VG task.

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The costs of doing two things at once for young and older adults: Talking while walking, finger tapping, and ignoring speech of noise.

Cited by 196 publications

References 69 publications

Relations between aging sensory/sensorimotor and cognitive functions

Relations between aging sensory/sensorimotor and cognitive functions

Effect of concurrent walking and interlocutor distance on conversational speech intensity and rate in Parkinson's disease

Comprehensive presurgical functional MRI language evaluation in adult patients with epilepsy

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