The Cotton Wall-Associated Kinase GhWAK7A Mediates Responses to Fungal Wilt Pathogens by Complexing with the Chitin Sensory Receptors

Wang, Ping; Zhou, Lin; Jamieson, Pierce; Zhang, Lin; Zhao, Zhi‐Xue; Babilonia, Kevin; Shao, Wenyong; Wu, Lizhu; Mustafa, Roma; Amin, Imran; Diomaiuti, Alessandra; Pontiggia, Daniela; Ferrari, Simone; Hou, Yuxia; He, Ping; Shan, Libo

doi:10.1105/tpc.19.00950

Cited by 98 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…3a, right). To confirm the identity of the MAPK bands, we silenced GhMPK3 and GhMPK6 by VIGS (Li et al ., 2017; Wang et al ., 2020) (Fig. S2a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 300-500-bp fragments of interested genes were amplified from the cotton cDNA library with primers listed in Supporting Information Table S1 and the VIGS assay was carried out as previously described (Gao et al, 2011(Gao et al, , 2013. Protoplast isolation, RT-PCR, RT-qPCR and MAPK assays were performed as previously described (Li et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2020), and primers are listed in Tables S2, S3. The list of Arabidopsis rlp mutants is given in Table S4.…”

Section: Agrobacterium Tumefaciens-mediated Vigs Protoplast Isolatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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A nonproteinaceousFusariumcell wall extract triggers receptor‐like protein‐dependent immune responses in Arabidopsis and cotton

et al. 2021

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Summary Fusarium wilt caused by the ascomycete fungus Fusarium oxysporum is a devastating disease of many economically important crops. The mechanisms underlying plant responses to F. oxysporum infections remain largely unknown. We demonstrate here that a water‐soluble, heat‐resistant and nonproteinaceous F. oxysporum cell wall extract (FoCWE) component from multiple F. oxysporum isolates functions as a race‐nonspecific elicitor, also termed pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP). FoCWE triggers several demonstrated immune responses, including mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, ethylene production, and stomatal closure, in cotton and Arabidopsis. Pretreated FoCWE protects cotton seeds against infections by virulent F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov), and Arabidopsis plants against the virulent bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae, suggesting the potential application of FoCWEs in crop protection. Host‐mediated responses to FoCWE do not appear to require LYKs/CERK1, BAK1 or SOBIR1, which are commonly involved in PAMP perception and/or signalling. However, FoCWE responses and Fusarium resistance in cotton partially require two receptor‐like proteins, GhRLP20 and GhRLP31. Transcriptome analysis suggests that FoCWE preferentially activates cell wall‐mediated defence, and Fov has evolved virulence mechanisms to suppress FoCWE‐induced defence. These findings suggest that FoCWE is a classical PAMP that is potentially recognised by a novel pattern‐recognition receptor to regulate cotton resistance to Fusarium infections.

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“…3a, right). To confirm the identity of the MAPK bands, we silenced GhMPK3 and GhMPK6 by VIGS (Li et al ., 2017; Wang et al ., 2020) (Fig. S2a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Agrobacterium Tumefaciens-mediated Vigs Protoplast Isolatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

A nonproteinaceousFusariumcell wall extract triggers receptor‐like protein‐dependent immune responses in Arabidopsis and cotton

et al. 2021

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“…WAK‐mediated resistance is associated with the biosynthesis of phytoalexin (Hu et al ., 2017), oxidative bursts (Brutus et al ., 2010; Delteil et al ., 2016), expression of defense genes (Zuo et al ., 2015), reduction of benzoxazinoid content (Yang et al ., 2019) or callose deposition (Zhang et al ., 2020). The cotton GhWAK7A, which itself does not perceive ligands, directly interacts with lysin‐motif‐containing RLKs GhLYK5/GhCERK1 and promotes chitin‐induced GhLYK5‐GhCERK1 dimerization to activate ultimately plant defense against pathogenic invasion (Wang et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleles of a wall‐associated kinase gene account for three of the major northern corn leaf blight resistance loci in maize

et al. 2021

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Northern corn leaf blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Setosphaeria turcica (anamorph Exserohilum turcicum), is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of maize (Zea mays). Four genes Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 and Htn1 represent the major sources of genetic resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus S. turcica. Differential maize lines containing these genes also form the basis to classify S. turcica races. Here, we show that Ht2 and Ht3 are identical and allelic to the previously cloned Htn1 gene. Using a map-based cloning approach and Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING), we demonstrate that Ht2/Ht3 is an allele of the wall-associated receptor-like kinase gene ZmWAK-RLK1. The ZmWAK-RLK1 variants encoded by Htn1 and Ht2/Ht3 differ by multiple amino acid polymorphisms that particularly affect the putative extracellular domain. A diversity analysis in maize revealed the presence of dozens of ZmWAK-RLK1 alleles. Ht2, Ht3 and Htn1 have been described over decades as independent resistance loci with different race spectra and resistance responses. Our work demonstrates that these three genes are allelic, which has major implications for northern corn leaf blight resistance breeding and nomenclature of S. turcica pathotypes. We hypothesize that genetic background effects have confounded the classical description of these disease resistance genes in the past.

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“…Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have been reported to alter pathogen resistance through gibberellins (GA) signaling pathway and participate in cotton fiber elongation by phosphorylating its downstream proteins [ 60 , 61 ]. Ectopic expression of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) improved cotton tolerance and resistance to fungal pathogen infections [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ]. Calcineurin B-like protein and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) were proved to be associated with cotton oil and sugar content and stress responses [ 59 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals Hub Genes Contributing to Fuzz Development in Gossypium arboreum

Shang

Cheng

et al. 2021

Genes

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Fuzzless mutants are ideal materials to decipher the regulatory network and mechanism underlying fuzz initiation and formation. In this study, we utilized two Gossypium arboreum accessions differing in fuzz characteristics to explore expression pattern differences and discriminate genes involved in fuzz development using RNA sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was conducted and found that DEGs were mainly enriched in the regulation of transcription, metabolic processes and oxidation–reduction-related processes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis discerned the MEmagenta module highly associated with a fuzz/fuzzless trait, which included a total of 50 hub genes differentially expressed between two materials. GaFZ, which negatively regulates trichome and fuzz formation, was found involved in MEmagenta cluster1. In addition, twenty-eight hub genes in MEmagenta cluster1 were significantly up-regulated and expressed in fuzzless mutant DPL972. It is noteworthy that Ga04G1219 and Ga04G1240, which, respectively, encode Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 18(FLA18) and transport protein, showed remarkable differences of expression level and implied that they may be involved in protein glycosylation to regulate fuzz formation and development. This module and hub genes identified in this study will provide new insights on fiber and fuzz formation and be useful for the molecular design breeding of cotton genetic improvement.

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The Cotton Wall-Associated Kinase GhWAK7A Mediates Responses to Fungal Wilt Pathogens by Complexing with the Chitin Sensory Receptors

Abstract: Short title: GhWAK7A regulates chitin signaling and defense. One-sentence summary: GhWAK7A interacts with the GhCERK1-GhLYK5 chitin sensory complex and regulates cotton resistance against fungal diseases.

Cited by 98 publications

References 90 publications

A nonproteinaceousFusariumcell wall extract triggers receptor‐like protein‐dependent immune responses in Arabidopsis and cotton

A nonproteinaceousFusariumcell wall extract triggers receptor‐like protein‐dependent immune responses in Arabidopsis and cotton

Alleles of a wall‐associated kinase gene account for three of the major northern corn leaf blight resistance loci in maize

Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals Hub Genes Contributing to Fuzz Development in Gossypium arboreum

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