The COVID-19 and Saliva Paradox

Vilela, Ana Carolina Serafim; Costa, Nádia Lago

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2020.07.225

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, collecting samples from the respiratory tract requires dedicated infrastructure, trained personnel, and well-established procedures to avoid contamination and risk of the infection of healthcare workers, which are not always accessible, especially in developing countries. Moreover, adherence to testing protocols requiring repeated nasopharyngeal (NP) swab collection may be low because this procedure may be associated with different levels of discomfort, cough, bleeding, rhinitis, sneezing, and/or vomiting [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Detection via RT-PCR in Matched Saliva and Nasopharyngeal Samples Reveals High Concordance in Different Commercial Assays

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Self-collected saliva samples can increase the diagnostic efficiency and benefit healthcare workers, patient care, and infection control. This study evaluated the performance of self-collected saliva samples compared to nasopharyngeal swabs using three commercial kits for the qualitative detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: Matched nasopharyngeal and saliva samples were collected from 103 patients with either asymptomatic or symptomatic COVID-19. Both samples were evaluated using three commercial kits (TaqCheck, Allplex, and TaqPath). To evaluate sample stability, viral RNA extraction was performed in the presence or absence of an RNA-stabilizing solution. Storage conditions, including the duration, temperature, and stability after freezing and thawing of the samples, were also evaluated. Results: All the saliva samples showed 100% concordance with the nasopharyngeal swab results using TaqCheck and Allplex kits, and 93% using TaqPath kit. No difference was observed in the samples that used the RNA-stabilizing solution compared to the group without the solution. The Ct values of the freeze–thawed samples after 30 days were higher than those on day 0; however, the results were consistent the fresh samples. Conclusion: The high concordance of SARS-CoV-2 detection via reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in matched saliva and nasopharyngeal samples using different commercial assays reinforces the concept that self-collected saliva samples are non-invasive, rapid, and reliable for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Detection via RT-PCR in Matched Saliva and Nasopharyngeal Samples Reveals High Concordance in Different Commercial Assays

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Proinflammatory status of oral fluid in COVID-19

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

At present, a search for promising ways to diagnose infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 is quite relevant. Oral fluid is not commonly used for assessment of COVID-19 risk. Its molecular profile reflects both local state of the oral cavity, and individual organs and systems, thus suggesting a reliable diagnostic platform. Systemic inflammatory response is known to play a crucial role in development of the coronavirus infection; the “cytokine storm” determines severity of the disease. The saliva-based diagnostics of clinical course in COVID-19 patients includes determination of IL-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein in oral fluid, in order to assess severity of the inflammatory process. The present study was carried out at the Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry with Laboratory Diagnostics, and Department of Pediatric Infections at the Samara State Medical University. The study involved 122 persons: 67 clinically healthy individuals comprised the control group, and the group of comparison included 55 inpatients with moderate or severe coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus as confirmed by PCR and/or ELISA testing. Development of the disease was accompanied by drastically increased contents of IL-6 and IL-8 in oral fluid of the patients relative to the indexes in healthy persons, i.e., several-fold for IL-6 (+ 650%) and even higher elevation of IL-8 levels (+ 26513%), as well as a 2-fold increase of C-reactive protein (+115%). When comparing the immune indexes of oral fluid in presence versus absence of respiratory insufficiency, a significant difference was found for salivary IL-6 (+173%) in the patients with grade 1-2 respiratory insufficiency as compared with patients free of respiratory disorders. Determination of these proinflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19 is of important prognostic significance when assessing development of the disease and its severity. Direct detection of their content in the oral fluid makes this method relevant, and potentially demanded for the outpatient diagnostics, being highly important during pandemics of coronavirus infection and limited medical resources. Examination of oral fluid at the pre-hospital stage is a resource-saving technology, since it does not require additional medical staff to take biomaterial, is non-invasive to the patient, and suggesting a wide range of research items, it can resolve a number of diagnostic issues, e.c., presence of specific genetic material or antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, severity of the inflammatory process and the risk of respiratory failure in the patient.

show abstract

The COVID-19 and Saliva Paradox

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Detection via RT-PCR in Matched Saliva and Nasopharyngeal Samples Reveals High Concordance in Different Commercial Assays

SARS-CoV-2 Detection via RT-PCR in Matched Saliva and Nasopharyngeal Samples Reveals High Concordance in Different Commercial Assays

Proinflammatory status of oral fluid in COVID-19

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About