AB0 blood group antigens were discovered over a century ago; however, it is still important to study their role in development of various pathological conditions. Today it is known that antigenic determinants of this blood group are present not only on erythrocyte membrane but also on other cells and tissues: platelets, gastrointestinal epithelium and salivary glands, respiratory system cells. In the last decade, a large number of studies have appeared to reveal the relationship between a specific disease and blood group type, meta-analyses have been published. Previously, the authors have studied the metabolic status, cell composition and coagulation profile of clinically healthy individuals for more than on 180,000 donations, that allowed to identify group-specific features for each blood group. This review presents generalized data on the association of such pathological conditions as coronary heart disease, thromboembolic complications, tumors of various localizations, inflammatory and destructive oral diseases, psychiatric and some infectious diseases with the presence or absence of antigenic determinants A and B. Carriers of blood group 0 (I) are generally more resistant to diseases, with the exception of H.pylori-associated gastrointestinal diseases. Carriers of «antigenic» blood groups A (II), B (III), AB (IV) are more susceptible to development of infectious, cardiovascular and cancer diseases. The presented data demonstrate clinical significance of the definition of group typing not only for selection of blood and its components during transfusion and transplantation, but also for diagnostics, determination of risk group and tactics for treatment patients with different nosologies.

Клиники Самарского государственного медицинского университета, Самара 443079, Российская Федерация Цель исследования. Выявить основные тенденции в распределении групп крови по системам AB0 и Резус в зависимости от возраста, охарактеризовать изменение клеточного состава крови и биохимического профиля, ассоциированного с групповой принадлежностью крови исследуемых лиц. Материал и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 2 группы: контрольная, состоящая из 4988 человек, средний возраст которых составил 34±3 года, и группа сравнения-127 лиц молодого возраста (средний возраст-19±0,47 лет). Определяли групповую принадлежность крови по системам АВ0 и Резус, проводили гематологические исследования и оценку метаболического профиля. Оценивали вариации клеточного состава крови и метаболических показателей в зависимости от группы крови. Анализ полученных результатов и статистический расчёт проводился при помощи программного обеспечения Microsoft Office Excel 2016 и IBM SPSS Statictics 23. Результаты. Полученные данные свидетельствуют об изменении распределения групп крови: в контрольной группе преобладает A (II) группа крови, в группе сравнения-0 (I). Впервые среди обладателей AB (IV) группы крови не было выявлено Rh-отрицательных лиц. Установлены ассоциированные с групповой принадлежностью крови биологические вариации клеточного состава и биохимического профиля исследуемых лиц. Заключение. Групповая принадлежность крови является основой индивидуальных и групповых вариаций биологических показателей, что открывает новые перспективы в подходах персонализированной медицины. Изучение особенностей AB0-системы и ее вклад в поддержание гомеостаза организма человека представляет собой важную задачу для дальнейших исследований. Ключевые слова: группы крови, AB0 система, клеточный состав крови, метаболический профиль. Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов, связанных с публикацией настоящей статьи.

To date, there are limited data regarding manifestations of new coronavirus infection in infants born of SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, so the aim of this study is to investigate somatic and metabolic status of newborn infants born to mothers diagnosed with COVID-19. The investigation was carried out on the bases of Laboratory Diagnostic Department of Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V.D. Seredavin and the Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry with Laboratory Diagnostics of Samara State Medical University. Under observation were 85 newborns, including 35 born of healthy mothers and 50 born of COVID-19 mothers.The somatic status of all newborns was assessed using the Apgar scale at the 1st and 5th minutes after birth. Also all newborns had general and biochemical blood tests and newborns from mothers with COVID-19 were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in oral and nasopharyngeal swabs. Thus, the study of somatic status revealed that of 50 neonates from women infected with COVID-19, only 18% were practically healthy, the rest had signs of prematurity, hypotrophy, perinatal CNS damage, diabetic fetopathy, pulmonary atelectasis, delayed intrauterine development, asphyxia. The metabolic state is characterised by decreased haemoglobin and platelets, increased concentration of total protein, including C-reactive protein, high transaminase activity, decreased sodium and chloride content. These parameters of general and biochemical blood tests can be considered as indicators for the evaluation of the condition of newborns from mothers with COVID-19.

Aim. To study the severity of patient’s pain and general discomfort by visual analogue scale in hypertension and to determine the possible dependence of this parameter on the degree of decreased glomerular filtration rate reflecting the stage of chronic kidney disease. Methods. The study included patients diagnosed with essential hypertension and admitted to internal medicine department of FSBIH «Far Eastern District Medical Center» of FBMA of Russia, who agreed to participate in the study. Inclusion criterion was the verified diagnosis of hypertension stage 2-3, and exclusion criteria were decreased glomerular filtration rate Results. In 8 (11.7%) patients, glomerular filtration rate was high and optimal, in 27 (38.2%) surveyed patients a slight decrease was revealed. A decrease of glomerular filtration rate Conclusion. The combination of hypertension and severe renal dysfunction reduces the overall index reflecting the change in the quality of life by almost a quarter; the study of the quality of life parameters by visual analogue scale can be used in a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of medical measures improving the quality of medical care for patients with the combination of arterial hypertension and chronic kidney disease.

Oral fluid is an alternative biological material that confirms correlations with blood parameters in various pathological conditions of the body. In order to find a non-invasive approach to stratification of patients with COVID-19 disease, molecular biomarkers of the oral fluid have been determined in patients with moderate coronavirus infection in comparison with clinically healthy individuals. It has been shown that proteomic, carbohydrate, macro- and microelement profiles of the oral fluid in coronavirus infection can be used for diagnostics. The features of protein metabolism were revealed: an increase in the content of total protein, urea; increased activity of enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase; changes in carbohydrate metabolism, which is expressed by an increase in glucose and lactate levels, an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, iron content.