The COVID-19 Disease Burden in Germany in 2020

Rommel, Alexander; Lippe, Elena von der; Plaß, Dietrich; Ziese, Thomas; Diercke, Michaela; Heiden, Matthias an der; Haller, Sebastian; Wengler, Annelene

doi:10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0147

Cited by 77 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our data con rm the above studies that age, gender and comorbidities are risk factors for fatal outcome [20]. Although women in the COVID-19 death group were older than men, there were no differences in sex, age or type of comorbidity when comparing the COVID-19 to the non-COVID-19 death group, highlighting the in uence of underlying risk factors for fatal disease outcome in older patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Compared to Hamburg, excess mortality was also found nationwide, consistent with the number of people who died from or with SARS-CoV-2 by the end of September 2020 [20]. About 3/4 of these higher numbers can be explained by the number of COVID-19 deaths in 2020 [20]. Other indirect effects such as threshold increases for the utilisation of outpatient treatment or hospitalisations due to other diseases may have additionally in uenced the total number.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The autopsy group of COVID-19 deaths had an average of 2.9 comorbidities. In contrast, Rommel et al [20] described fewer comorbidities, an average of 1.6 for the German population, gures that were related to reported deaths by the RKI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dying From Or With SARS-CoV-2 – Prospective Postmortem Evaluation of 735 Consecutive Death Cases –

Fitzek

Schädler

Dietz

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundCoronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic with significant mortality. Accurate information on the specific circumstances of death and whether patients died from or with SARS-CoV-2 is scarce.MethodsTo distinguish COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 deaths, we performed a systematic review of 735 SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths in Hamburg, Germany, from March to December 2020, using conventional autopsy, ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsy, postmortem computed tomography and medical records. Statistical analyses including multiple logistic regression were used to compare both cohorts.Findings84.1% (n=618) were classified as COVID-19 deaths, 6.4% (n=47) as non-COVID-19 deaths, 9.5% (n=70) remained unclear. Median age of COVID-19 deaths was 83.0 years, 54.4% were male. In the autopsy group (n=283), the majority died of pneumonia and/or diffuse alveolar damage (73.6%; n=187). Thromboses were found in 39.2% (n=62/158 cases), pulmonary embolism in 22.1% (n=56/253 cases). In 2020, annual mortality in Hamburg was about 5.5% higher than in the previous 20 years, of which 3.4% (n=618) represented COVID-19 deaths.InterpretationOur study highlights the need for mortality surveillance and postmortem examinations. The vast majority of individuals who died directly from SARS-CoV-2 infection were of advanced age and had multiple comorbidities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Dying From Or With SARS-CoV-2 – Prospective Postmortem Evaluation of 735 Consecutive Death Cases –

Fitzek

Schädler

Dietz

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Mitra el al evaluated the years of life lost in the United States, Italy and Germany using a fixed target age instead of the life table approach [32]. Rommel et al reported 305,641 years of life lost in Germany in 2020 using the usual life table method [33]. Goldstein and Lee estimated 11.7 YLL per death, but they make no attempt to account for the comorbidities of the deceased patients [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different approaches to quantify years of life lost from COVID-19

Ferenci

2021

Eur J Epidemiol

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The burden of an epidemic is often characterized by death counts, but this can be misleading as it fails to acknowledge the age of the deceased patients. Years of life lost is therefore widely used as a more relevant metric, however, such calculations in the context of COVID-19 are all biased upwards: patients dying from COVID-19 are typically multimorbid, having far worse life expectation than the general population. These questions are quantitatively investigated using a unique Hungarian dataset that contains individual patient level data on comorbidities for all COVID-19 deaths in the country. To account for the comorbidities of the patients, a parametric survival model using 11 important long-term conditions was used to estimate a more realistic years of life lost. As of 12 May, 2021, Hungary reported a total of 27,837 deaths from COVID-19 in patients above 50 years of age. The usual calculation indicates 10.5 years of life lost for each death, which decreases to 9.2 years per death after adjusting for 11 comorbidities. The expected number of years lost implied by the life table, reflecting the mortality of a developed country just before the pandemic is 11.1 years. The years of life lost due to COVID-19 in Hungary is therefore 12% or 1.3 years per death lower when accounting for the comorbidities and is below its expected value, but how this should be interpreted is still a matter of debate. Further research is warranted on how to optimally integrate this information into epidemiologic risk assessments during a pandemic.

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“…Männer verloren mehr Lebensjahre als Frauen (11,0 vs. 8,1 Jahre). Zu diesem Schluss kommt eine aktuelle Studie aus Deutschland [ 34 ].…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Akupressur, Neuropharmakologie Und Psychische Gesundheit

Litscher

2021

Akupunkt Aurikulomed

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Akupressur ist eine nicht pharmakologische Technik, die das Potenzial hat, verschiedene Krankheiten zu lindern. Diese Kurzübersicht beschäftigt sich mit Fakten wissenschaftlicher Akupressurstudien und fasst einige wichtige Aspekte zusammen. Wissenschaftliche Artikel aus den Datenbanken PubMed, Google Scholar und CNKI dienten als Forschungsdokumente. Darüber hinaus umfasste die Forschung zur Akupressur im Vergleich zu pharmakologischen Interventionen bei mentalen Erkrankungen eigenes Material, das bereits in wissenschaftlichen Artikeln veröffentlicht wurde. Insgesamt wurden 9 gelistete Publikationen identifiziert, von denen 8 als relevant angesehen wurden. Der Autor überprüfte den Inhalt auf Wertigkeit und diskutiert in diesem Artikel die Einschränkungen der nicht pharmakologischen Behandlungsmethode kritisch. Die verfügbaren Beweise, dass Akupressur als zusätzliche nicht pharmakologische Methode zur Intervention bei mentalen Erkrankungen eingesetzt werden kann, sind spärlich. Es konnte keine evidenzbasierte Qualitätsstudie identifiziert werden, in der Akupressur mit pharmakologischen Behandlungen bei mentalen Erkrankungen direkt verglichen wird. Obwohl bei der Bewertung der alten traditionellen Akupressurmethode erhebliche Fortschritte erzielt wurden, werden in den kommenden Jahren weitere Forschungsarbeiten wie beispielsweise gut konzipierte randomisierte kontrollierte Studien erforderlich sein.

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The COVID-19 Disease Burden in Germany in 2020

Cited by 77 publications

References 22 publications

Dying From Or With SARS-CoV-2 – Prospective Postmortem Evaluation of 735 Consecutive Death Cases –

Dying From Or With SARS-CoV-2 – Prospective Postmortem Evaluation of 735 Consecutive Death Cases –

Different approaches to quantify years of life lost from COVID-19

Akupressur, Neuropharmakologie Und Psychische Gesundheit

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