The cranial morphology and taxonomic status of Tarchia (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia

Penkalski, Paul; Tumanova, T. A.

doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.10.004

Cited by 12 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…4A and 4C ). This symmetrical arrangement of caputegulae contrasts with those observed in Asian taxa such as M. ramachandrani (INBR 21004), Saichania chulsanensis ( Maryańska, 1977 ), and Tarchia teresae ( Penkalski & Tumanova, 2017 ), where the nasal caputegulae are symmetrically arranged in a paired configuration, lacking a midline row of caputegulae. Nasal caputegulae in Laramidian ankylosaurids such as Euoplocephalus tutus (ROM 1930, TMP 1991.127.1, UALVP 31), Anodontosaurus lambei (CMN 8530), and Ziapelta sanjuanensis ( Arbour et al, 2014 ) are somewhat symmetrically arranged in a mosaic pattern.…”

Section: Osteological and Comparative Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The nuchal shelf forms a dorsoventrally raised, tabular shelf, similar to Minotaurasaurus ramachandrani (INBR 21004), Tarchia kielanae ( Arbour, Currie & Badamgarav, 2014 ; Penkalski & Tumanova, 2017 ), Tarchia teresae ( Penkalski & Tumanova, 2017 ), Saichania chulsanensis ( Maryańska, 1977 ), and some specimens of Euoplocephalus tutus (ROM 1930), Oohkotokia horneri (MOR 433), and Anodontosaurus lambei (AMNH FARB 5238). In Akainacephalus johnsoni , the nuchal shelf shows little rugosity, but is damaged in several places across the dorsal surface and a large portion is broken away from the left side, leaving a transversely oblong cavity ( Figs.…”

Section: Osteological and Comparative Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The dense array of tall, peaked caputegulae are positioned on a domed frontal-nasal region, that is, much more pronounced in Akainacephalus johnsoni compared to some Late Cretaceous ankylosaurids from Asia, including M. ramachandrani (INBR 21004), Saichania chulsanensis ( Maryańska, 1977 ), and Tarchia teresae ( Penkalski & Tumanova, 2017 ) ( Fig. 7 ).…”

Section: Osteological and Comparative Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7G ) and Zaraapelta nomadis ( Arbour, Currie & Badamgarav, 2014 ), although the latter two taxa display a more pyramidal than conical morphology. Frontal caputegulae in other Asian taxa such as Tarchia ( Tumanova, 1977 ; Penkalski & Tumanova, 2017 ) and Saichania ( Maryańska, 1977 ) are morphologically very different from Akainacephalus johnsoni and display a more rectangular base and a nearly flat or slightly bulbous dorsal surface. In Laramidian ankylosaurid dinosaurs, including Euoplocephalus tutus ( Arbour & Currie, 2013a ) and Ziapelta sanjuanensis ( Arbour et al, 2014 ), very few or no frontal caputegulae are known, either because they did not preserve or perhaps these taxa lack extensive cranial ornamentation in this region.…”

Section: Osteological and Comparative Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ankylosauridae is a monophyletic clade of herbivorous, armored ornithischian dinosaurs that are predominantly recorded from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian—late Maastrichtian) of Asia and latest Cretaceous (early Campanian—late Maastrichtian) of western North America (Laramidia) ( Lambe, 1902 ; Brown, 1908 ; Parks, 1924 ; Nopcsa, 1928 ; Sternberg, 1929 ; Gilmore, 1933 ; Maryańska, 1977 ; Sullivan, 1999 ; Carpenter, 2004 ; Miles & Miles, 2009 ; Arbour, Burns & Sissons, 2009 ; Arbour & Currie, 2013a , 2016 ; Arbour, Currie & Badamgarav, 2014 ; Arbour et al, 2014 ; Penkalski, 2014 ; Arbour, Zanno & Gates, 2016 ; Penkalski & Tumanova, 2017 ; Arbour & Evans, 2017 ). The majority of Laramidian ankylosaurid specimens are known from northern localities ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new southern Laramidian ankylosaurid, Akainacephalus johnsoni gen. et sp. nov., from the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, USA

Wiersma

Irmis

2018

PeerJ

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A partial ankylosaurid skeleton from the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah is recognized as a new taxon, Akainacephalus johnsoni, gen. et sp. nov. The new taxon documents the first record of an associated ankylosaurid skull and postcranial skeleton from the Kaiparowits Formation. Preserved material includes a complete skull, much of the vertebral column, including a complete tail club, a nearly complete synsacrum, several fore- and hind limb elements, and a suite of postcranial osteoderms, making Akainacephalus johnsoni the most complete ankylosaurid from the Late Cretaceous of southern Laramidia. Arrangement and morphology of cranial ornamentation in Akainacephalus johnsoni is strikingly similar to Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis and some Asian ankylosaurids (e.g., Saichania chulsanensis, Pinacosaurus grangeri, and Minotaurasaurus ramachandrani); the cranium is densely ornamented with symmetrically arranged and distinctly raised ossified caputegulae which are predominantly distributed across the dorsal and dorsolateral regions of the nasals, frontals, and orbitals. Cranial caputegulae display smooth surface textures with minor pitting and possess a distinct conical to pyramidal morphology which terminates in a sharp apex. Character analysis suggests a close phylogenetic relationship with N. kirtlandensis, M. ramachandrani, Tarchia teresae, and S. chulsanensis, rather than with Late Cretaceous northern Laramidian ankylosaurids (e.g., Euoplocephalus tutus, Anodontosaurus lambei, and Ankylosaurus magniventris). These new data are consistent with evidence for distinct northern and southern biogeographic provinces in Laramidia during the late Campanian. The addition of this new ankylosaurid taxon from southern Utah enhances our understanding of ankylosaurid diversity and evolutionary relationships. Potential implications for the geographical distribution of Late Cretaceous ankylosaurid dinosaurs throughout the Western Interior suggest multiple time-transgressive biogeographic dispersal events from Asia into Laramidia.

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Section: Osteological and Comparative Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Osteological and Comparative Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Osteological and Comparative Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Osteological and Comparative Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A new southern Laramidian ankylosaurid, Akainacephalus johnsoni gen. et sp. nov., from the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, USA

Wiersma

Irmis

2018

PeerJ

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A potentially fatal cranial pathology in a specimen of Tarchia

Tumanova

Penkalski

Gallagher

et al. 2023

The Anatomical Record

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Skulls of the Mongolian ankylosaurids Shamosaurus, Tarchia, and Saichania were scanned for information about their internal anatomy. Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the Tarchia skull revealed substantial internal anatomical differences from known Campanian North American taxa, particularly in the morphology of the airway. In addition, unexpected anomalies were detected within the airway and sinuses. The anomalies include multiple bilaterally distributed, variably sized hyperdense (mineralized) concretions within the airway and sinuses, the largest of which, positioned in the right nasal cavity medial to the supraorbitals, has an asymmetric ovoid shape that tapers caudally and which is partially encased within a hemispherical trabeculated osseous proliferation (sinus exostosis). Immediately adjacent to the exostosis is a subcircular transosseous defect in the prefrontal region of the skull roof that is partially filled with trabeculated ossified material with similar architectural features as the larger exostosis. Irregularities along the internal and external surfaces of the cranial vault may be associated. The radiologic features of the hemicircumferential exostosis suggest a chronic reactive osteoproliferation, possibly in response to an ongoing inflammatory reaction to primary sinus infection or, in combination with the unilateral transosseous defect, traumatically introduced infection with potentially fatal consequences. This report underscores the value of CT scanning of fossil vertebrate specimens, which in this case revealed large internal lesions of the skull that, at the time the scan was performed, were otherwise indiscernible.

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Additional skulls of Talarurus plicatospineus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae) and implications for paleobiogeography and paleoecology of armored dinosaurs

Park

Lee

Currie

et al. 2020

Cretaceous Research

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The cranial morphology and taxonomic status of Tarchia (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

A new southern Laramidian ankylosaurid, Akainacephalus johnsoni gen. et sp. nov., from the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, USA

A new southern Laramidian ankylosaurid, Akainacephalus johnsoni gen. et sp. nov., from the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, USA

A potentially fatal cranial pathology in a specimen of Tarchia

Additional skulls of Talarurus plicatospineus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae) and implications for paleobiogeography and paleoecology of armored dinosaurs

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