The crash involvement of older drivers is associated with their hazard perception latencies

Abstract

Hazard perception in driving is the one of the few driving-specifi c skills associated with crash involvement. However, this relationship has only been examined in studies where the majority of individuals were younger than 65. We present the fi rst data revealing an association between hazard perception and self-reported crash involvement in drivers aged 65 and over. In a sample of 271 drivers, we found that individuals whose mean response time to traffi c hazards was slower than 6.68 s [the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve derived pass mark for the test] were 2.32 times [95% confi dence interval (CI), 1.46, 3.22) more likely to have been involved in a self-reported crash within the previous 5 years than those with faster response times. This likelihood ratio became 2.37 (95% CI, 1.49, 3.28) when driving exposure was controlled for. As a comparison, individuals who failed a test of useful fi eld of view were 2.70 (95% CI, 1.44, 4.44) times more likely to crash than those who passed. The hazard perception test and the useful fi eld of view measure accounted for separate variance in crash involvement. These fi ndings indicate that hazard perception testing and training could be potentially useful for road safety interventions for this age group. ( JINS , 2010, 16 , 939-944.)

Are situation awareness and decision-making in driving totally conscious processes? Results of a hazard prediction task

“…McKenna and Crick, 1991;Horswill andMcKenna, 2004, Wetton et al, 2011), and that performance on these tests can be linked to likelihood of collision (e.g. o4 Horswill, et al, 2010, Boufous, et al, 2011. Indeed the introduction of the UK hazard perception test in 2002 has been directly linked to a significant decrease in on-road crashes (Wells et al, 2008).…”

Proactive Listening to a Training Commentary improves hazard prediction

“…The ability to perceive hazards while driving is a factor that reduces the risk of having accidents (Wells et al, 2008;Horswill et al, 2010a). A hazard in the traffic context is any permanent or temporary object which remains in the road environment and has the potential to increase the risk of an accident (Jackson et al, 2009).…”

“…For instance, Horswill et al (2010a) On the other hand, Meir et al, (2014) However, the Instructional mode of training could be carried out as an active mode of training too. As McKenna et al (2006) pointed out, commentary training improved drivers' situational awareness and led them to a better appreciation of the risks, by encouraging them to actively search for hazards.…”

Predicting Older Adults’ On-Road Driving Performance

“…There are various versions of HPTs (e.g., video based, still image based), but all of them are designed to measure one's ability to detect and respond to hazards in the driving environment using reaction time. These tests have been found to positively correlate with retrospective crash involvement in various adult samples (Darby, Murray, Raeside, 2009;McKenna & Horswill, 1999) as well as in samples of older adults (Horswill, Anstey, Hatherly, & Wood, 2010;Wells, 2008). They have also been found to successfully distinguish between novice and experienced drivers (Scialfa, Deschênes, Ference, Boone, Horswill, & Wetton, 2011).…”