The “Craving” for Alcohol; A Symposium by Members of the WHO Expert Committees on Mental Health and on Alcohol

Jellinek, E. M.; Isbell, Harris; Lundquist, Gunnar; Tiebout, Harry M.; Duchene, H; Mardones, J; MacLeod, Leslie D.

doi:10.15288/qjsa.1955.16.034

Cited by 44 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…As expected, cannabis cues consistently produced elevated craving relative to neutral cues, extending prior CREMA findings from tobacco/cigarette use to cannabis use (Tomko et al, 2020;Warthen & Tiffany, 2009;Wray et al, 2015). Somewhat consistent with our hypotheses based on the motivational model (Cooper, 1994;Cox & Klinger, 1988) and theories of craving (Heishman et al, 2009;Jellinek et al, 1955;Ludwig & Wikler, 1974;Marlatt, 1978;Wise, 1988), motives interacted with cue type to predict craving reactivity; however, not in the way we expected. The approach motive we focused on, enhancement, was associated with greater relief craving reactivity to cannabis cues relative to neutral cues, and the avoidance motive, coping, was associated with greater reward craving reactivity to cannabis cues, in women especially.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In the motivational model, craving could be considered an internal source for affect change, which suggests that craving may also have valence (i.e., approach and avoidance) and would inform valence-congruent motives. Prior theories relevant to substance craving describe both approach and avoidance-based craving (Jellinek et al, 1955; Ludwig & Wikler, 1974; Marlatt, 1978; Wise, 1988), and a commonly used craving questionnaire identified two craving factors, one associated with avoidance or “relief” from negative affective/physiological states and the second associated with approach or “reward” from the positive effects of cannabis (see Heishman et al, 2009 and Romero-Sanchiz et al, 2022). A cue-exposure paradigm study with individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder demonstrated the utility in examining craving along these two factors.…”

Section: Cue Reactivity Ecological Momentary Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex differences in the relationship between cannabis use motives and cannabis craving in daily life in emerging adults.

Gex

Gray

Davis

et al. 2023

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Objective: Cannabis use motives and craving are associated with increased risk for cannabis-related problems and are ideal targets for prevention and early intervention. Patterns of motives and craving reactivity to cannabis cues differ by sex; however, few studies closely examine the relationship between motives and craving and how it may differ by valence (±) across men and women. Method: The present study used Cue Reactivity Ecological Momentary Assessment to assess reward (+) and relief (−) craving four semirandom times per day for 2 weeks in a sample of 63 emerging adults (age 18-21; 54% cisgender women; 85.7% White) who frequently use cannabis (≥3 times per week). We assessed craving before and after exposure to brief neutral or cannabis image cues and examined within-and between-participant effects of cue type, motives, sex/gender, and their interactions, on postcue cannabis craving. Results: Regardless of cue type, women with high coping motives (−) reported less postcue relief (−) craving, and men with high enhancement motives (+) reported more postcue reward (+) craving. High enhancement motives (+), regardless of sex/gender, were associated with elevated relief (−) craving reactivity to cannabis cues, and women with high coping motives (−) reported elevated reward (+) craving reactivity to cannabis cues. Conclusions: Sex/gender differences in the relationships between cannabis motives and craving reactivity indicate the value of a more targeted examination of valence (±) of craving experiences in addition to motives for use. Higher levels of precision may better inform interventions for emerging adults at risk for experiencing cannabis-related problems. Public Health Significance StatementThis study highlights important sex/gender differences in reasons why emerging adults use cannabis and how these reasons are associated with cravings for cannabis in their daily life. This study also emphasizes the importance of understanding that different types of cravings and reasons for using cannabis exist and that each type may require unique strategies to address them.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Cue Reactivity Ecological Momentary Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the relationship between cannabis use motives and cannabis craving in daily life in emerging adults.

Gex

Gray

Davis

et al. 2023

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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“…The phenomenon of craving for substances of abuse has been long recognized ( Drummond, 2001 ; Jellinek et al, 1955 ), however, understanding of the clinical utility of craving has grown increasingly over the past generation. Though definitions vary, craving has broadly been defined as a desire or strong urge to use a substance ( Flannery et al, 2001 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between tonic and phasic craving for alcohol

Hartwell

Ray

2018

Addictive Behaviors Reports

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BackgroundMultiple measures are utilized to assess alcohol craving, often interchangeably. Little is known about the relationship between tonic and phasic craving. This study fills this gap in the literature by examining the association between tonic levels of alcohol craving and phasic craving for alcohol that is provoked by alcohol administration.MethodsForty-three non-treatment seeking problem drinkers underwent an initial interview and two laboratory testing sessions, where either alcohol or a saline placebo was administered intravenously. Tonic craving was assessed via the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) and Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) at the initial interview. Phasic craving was assessed during the laboratory sessions (i.e., alcohol and saline administrations, single blinded) at baseline and at 3 subsequent breath alcohol concentrations (0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 g/dl).ResultsThere was a main effect of PACS in predicting phasic craving across both saline and alcohol administration conditions (p < 0.05). The OCDS was predictive of phasic craving when alcohol, but not saline, was administered (p = 0.058); the obsessive subscale (p = 0.01), but not the compulsive subscale (p > 0.10), predicted phasic craving during alcohol, as compared to saline administration.ConclusionIn sum, tonic craving captured by the OCDS was predictive of phasic craving during alcohol administration whereas the PACS more generally captured the increase in phasic craving. Therefore, these measures of tonic craving may function differently in capturing the experience of phasic craving. Implications for the utilization of the PACS and OCDS as well as assessments of craving in alcoholism research are discussed.

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“…Jorge Mardones suggested a conception of craving that comes close to the view outlined here in his contribution to the Joint Expert Committees on Mental Health and on Alcohol, which met in Geneva in 1954 (Jellinek et al, 1955). He de ned craving as an urgent and overpowering desire for alcohol, and after some thoughtful comments on the term "desire", he focused on the adjectives that qualify the craving:…”

Section: Is Choice Really a Metaphysical Issue?mentioning

confidence: 88%

Addicts' choice

Skog

2000

Addiction

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The “Craving” for Alcohol; A Symposium by Members of the WHO Expert Committees on Mental Health and on Alcohol

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Sex differences in the relationship between cannabis use motives and cannabis craving in daily life in emerging adults.

Sex differences in the relationship between cannabis use motives and cannabis craving in daily life in emerging adults.

Relationship between tonic and phasic craving for alcohol

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