The Criminal Violation of Financial Trust

The adoption of consortium B2B e-marketplaces: An exploratory study

“…In brief, the method involves formulating a hypothesis; comparing the hypothesis against the first case; if it does not fit, reformulating the hypothesis so as to be consistent with the data in the first case; comparing the revised hypothesis against the second case; and so on. According to Cressey (1950Cressey ( , 1953, an important early developer of the approach, "practical certainty may be attained after a small number of cases, but a single negative case requires a reformulation…the procedure continues until a universal relationship is established".…”

Combating Fraud in the European Union and in Romania

“…From the theoretical point of view, the basics were put in this field by the criminologist Donald Cressey, who was the first to examine in 1950 why people commit fraud [3]. Cressey argues that there are three factors leading to fraudulent behavior, namely: perceived unshareable financial need, perceived opportunity and rationalization.…”

Equity Incentives and Corporate Fraud in China

“…6 Moreover, individuals at various levels of the corporate hierarchy may have fundamentally different incentives to commit fraud. The triangle theory suggests that fraud can occur if individuals have 1) opportunity, 2) attitude, and 3) incentives, or feel pressured (Cressey, 1950;Trompeter et al, 2012). We therefore distinguish among the various shareholding groups in a company to gauge each group's trade-off between the benefits of committing fraud and the cost of getting caught and punished.…”