The cross‐resistance to pyrethrins and eight synthetic pyrethroids, of an organophosphorus‐resistant strain of the rust‐red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (herbst)

Abstract

Comparisons with standard susceptible insects showed that a strain of Tribolium castaneum, with a specific resistance to malathion and its carboxylic ester analogues, had no cross‐resistance to topical applications of natural pyrethrins. Another strain of T. castaneum, showing resistance to many organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, was cross‐resistant to pyrethrins ( × 34) and eight synthetic pyrethroids also applied topically; least cross‐resistance occurred with resmethrin ( × 2.2), bioresmethrin ( × 3.3) and phenothrin ( × 4.0). Generally larger resistance factors were recorded with formulations synergised by piperonyl butoxide (PB). The greatest cross‐resistance encountered was with unsynergised tetramethrin ( × 338). Apart from tetramethrin, factors of synergism did not exceed 5.7 with either the susceptible or multi‐OP resistant strains. PB antagonised six of the nine pyrethroids against the multi‐OP resistant strain. Antagonism also occurred with two of these six, permethrin (cis: trans ratio 1:3) and 5‐prop‐2‐ynylfurfuryl ( 1RS)‐cis,trans‐chrysanthemate (‘Prothrin’), against the susceptible strain. Considering only formulations without the synergist, the most effective compounds against the susceptible strain, relative to pyrethrins, were bioresmethrin (2.7) and permethrin (2.4). Similarly with the multi‐OP resistant strain the most effective compounds were bioresmethrin (28), resmethrin (14) and permethrin (6.6). Thus the LD50 (the dose required to kill 50% of the test species) for bioresmethrin against the resistant strain (0.14 μg) only slightly exceeded the LD50 for pyrethrins against the susceptible strain (0.12 μg).

Differential local genetic adaptation to pesticide use in organic and conventional agriculture in an aquatic non-target species

“…Importantly, the adaptation to both pesticides seems to be independent. While cross-resistance to multiple pesticides has been observed, including in the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, which showed resistance to organophosphorus as well as pyrethrins and pyrethroid insecticides [85], it was not observed in the current study (results section Cross-tolerance or trade-off in pesticide resistance, electronic supplementary material, figure S2). Briefly, the populations that displayed a higher CPF tolerance did not have a higher resistance to DTM, nor vice versa.…”

Monitoring and Inference of Behavioral Resistance in Beneficial Insects to Insecticides in Two Pest Control Systems: IPM and Organic

“…Most data on the resistance to pyrethrins come from programs for protection against dipteran stings [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52], as well as conservation programs for stored agricultural products [53][54][55][56][57]. In the latter, cross-resistance against organophosphates and pyrethrins has been detected [58], which suggests the hypothesis that a similar effect may be occurring in olive growing given the frequent behavioral resistance to dimethoate [59,60]. With this study, the application of the monitoring induction technique is proposed, which has been very useful in detecting lineages resistant to synthetic insecticides, to detect possible behavioral resistance of insects to pyrethrins, as it is the most commonly applied insecticide in organic olive growing.…”

A Study on the Stability of α-Cyanobenzyl Ester-type Pyrethroids in Mineral Carriers in the Presence of Malathion

“…Organophosphorus pesticides2) have also been used for the same purpose, and in some cases they are combined with pyrethroids to widen the range of insecticidal spectrum. 3 All alkaline salts were from Wako Pure Chemical Co., Ltd. and of reagent grade.…”