The crustal structures of the central Longmenshan along and its margins as related to the seismotectonics of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

Jia, Shanshan; Liu, Baojin; Zhang, Xu; Liu, Zhi; Su, Feng; Zhang, Jian-shi; Lin, J.; Tian, Xiaofeng; Liu, Qiaoxia; Guo, Wenbin

doi:10.1007/s11430-013-4744-9

Cited by 38 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In general, the Moho depth is coupled with the topography in two ways: (1) higher topography corresponds to deeper Moho; lower topography, shallower Moho; and (2) higher relief corresponds to more steeply dipping Moho, whereas low‐relief surface is underlain by more shallowly dipping Moho. This observation agrees with many previous studies that are based upon Pn wave (Xu & Song, ), P wave or S wave velocity (H. Y. Li et al, ; Lei & Zhao, ; Q. Y. Liu, van der Hilst, et al, ; C. Y. Wang et al, ), passive source seismic profiling (Z. J. Zhang et al, ), wide‐angle/deep seismic reflection profiles (Guo et al, ; S. X. Jia et al, ), and receiver functions (Hu et al, , ; Shen et al, , ), as well as those crustal models that are developed using joint inversion (Laske et al, ; Lou et al, ; X. Wang, Li, et al, ) and deep seismic sounding profiles (W. Wang, Wu, et al, ).…”

Section: Integration Of the Moho Structure With Topographysupporting

confidence: 91%

“…One high‐velocity body is located largely beneath the SCB, which has been reported in previous studies (S. X. Jia et al, ; Q. Y. Liu, van der Hilst, et al, ; Z. Xu et al, ). This high‐velocity block characterizes the Archean basement and the nucleus of the Yangtze craton (J. P. Zheng et al, ).…”

Section: Three‐dimensional Image Of Structures In Mantle Lithospheresupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Although the latter techniques detect the Moho depths more accurately than the surface wave tomography does (Guo et al, ; Hu et al, ; S.X. Jia et al, ; Shen et al, , ), they are largely restricted in a two‐dimensional profile or a sparse point set. The Rayleigh wave tomography model by Wei et al () is derived from seismic data that are collected from 160 stations located at intervals of 50–70 km deployed by the China Digital Seismic Network and several portable seismic arrays in the eastern TP and adjacent areas (L. Chen, ; Sandvol et al, ; X. F. Zheng et al, ).…”

Section: Data and Methodsologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three‐Dimensional Model of the Lithospheric Structure Under the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for the Active Tectonics and Seismic Hazards

Liu

et al. 2019

Tectonics

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Details of lithospheric structures in three‐dimensions (3‐D) are key to understanding the dynamics of crustal deformation and earthquakes in active orogenic systems. In this study, we develop a 3‐D model of the eastern Tibetan Plateau using the Skua‐Gocad software based on the latest Rayleigh wave tomography. We perform a quantitative modeling workflow to map the details of the Moho discontinuities and the high‐velocity anomalies. Then, we integrate the topography, major active faults, large earthquakes, and crustal Poisson's ratios to analyze the relationship between the shallow and deep structures of this region. Our study shows that the Moho is generally coupled with the topography. A steep Moho ramp exists under the plateau margin and its surface projection intersects the Longmen Shan (LMS) at a low oblique angle (~22°). Active deformation and large earthquakes are related to the steep Moho ramp under the plateau margin. Moreover, based on a 3‐D model of the Poisson's ratio perturbations, we find that deformation across the central LMS is characterized as a crocodile‐type wedge in the crust and lithospheric mantle, due to the resistance of the Yangtze craton and isostatic rebound. We suggest that a tectonic wedging model that contains both the upper‐crust thrusting and lower‐crustal thickening contribute to the LMS orogeny. Three‐dimensional visualization of the lithospheric structure is well suited to reveal the different levels of deformation and their relationships. Quantitative modeling methods provide effective constraints on the active blocks in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.

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Section: Integration Of the Moho Structure With Topographysupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Three‐dimensional Image Of Structures In Mantle Lithospheresupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Data and Methodsologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three‐Dimensional Model of the Lithospheric Structure Under the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for the Active Tectonics and Seismic Hazards

Liu

et al. 2019

Tectonics

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“…The profile is about 500 km in length which crosses the Sichuan basin for ~150 km, Longmen Shan for ~70 km, and the Eastern Tibet for ~280 km. The wide‐angle survey reveals that the crustal thickness beneath Sichuan basin is about 42 km [ Jia et al , ], whereas our independent deep seismic sounding survey gives the converted depth to Moho reflectors is also 40–42 km. The converted deep seismic sounding profile shows the bending of Moho reflectors to more than 52 km beneath the Longmen Shan from ~40 km beneath the Sichuan basin that coincides with the results of wide‐angle refraction survey (Figure b).…”

Section: Data Acquisition and Analysismentioning

confidence: 91%

Deep crustal deformation of the Longmen Shan, eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, from seismic reflection and Finite Element modeling

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2016

JGR Solid Earth

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Rivaling the Himalaya in relief, the Longmen Shan is probably one of the most enigmatic mountain ranges in the world: high mountains reach more than 4000 m relief but without adjacent foreland subsidence and with only slow active convergence. What are geological and geodynamic processes that built the Longmen Shan? Coseismic deformation associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake could hold clues to answer these questions. The primary features associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake rupture have been narrowly distributed coseismic deformation and predominantly vertical displacements that could be interpreted as the result of slips on high‐angle listric seismogenic faults. Deep sounding seismic reflection profiling across the seismogenic faults indeed reveals high‐angle listric reverse faulting in the brittle upper crust and east‐dipping reflectors that we interpret as ductile shearing, in the viscous lower crust. In conjunction with a visco‐elastic finite element modeling of coseismic displacements associated with the Wenchuan earthquake, we show that the high‐angle listric nature of earthquake faults produces insignificant horizontal shortening across the fault and facilitates upward slips along the fault that both explain the localized coseismic deformation and vertical displacement, as well as the presence of high mountains without adjacent foreland flexure. We suggest that the formation of the Longmen Shan may be better understood in terms of partitioned lithospheric pure‐shear thickening in which upward high‐angle listric faulting of brittle upper crust is linked to thickening of the more viscous lithospheric mantle through downward ductile shearing of rheologically deformable lower crust.

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“…Since the observed average Moho depth under the LMS is $50 km, given an average upper crust thickness of 15 km Jia et al, 2014), the average lower crust thickness is $35 km. According to the anisotropic model (Sun et al, 2012), we obtain an average splitting time of 0.58 s in the lower crust, which is close to the measurements with the average splitting time of 0.57 s in this study.…”

Section: Primary Cause Of Crustal Anisotropy (Moho Ps Splitting)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal structure and deformation under the Longmenshan and its surroundings revealed by receiver function data

Sun

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2015

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors

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The crustal structures of the central Longmenshan along and its margins as related to the seismotectonics of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

Cited by 38 publications

References 12 publications

Three‐Dimensional Model of the Lithospheric Structure Under the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for the Active Tectonics and Seismic Hazards

Three‐Dimensional Model of the Lithospheric Structure Under the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for the Active Tectonics and Seismic Hazards

Deep crustal deformation of the Longmen Shan, eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, from seismic reflection and Finite Element modeling

Crustal structure and deformation under the Longmenshan and its surroundings revealed by receiver function data

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