The Curran-Knowles Process

Abstract

ConclusionsAnthracite is the principal smokeless fuel. During the past ten years the quantity of anthracite used for heating homes and commercial buildings approximately equaled, in net heating value, the combined sales in the United States of domestic coke, light and heavy heating oils, and natural and manufactured gas used for domestic and house-heating purposes.Anthracite is the only natural fuel which is smokeless under all conditions of use. It is the most concentrated, strongest, and cleanest of all solid fuels, and is available in a wide range of standard sizes. It can be ignited readily, burned at the desired rating with little attention, and banked for long periods. It is safe to store in any quantity.Since anthracite is closely sized, noncaking, and nonclinkering under normal conditions of household use, ideal fuel-bed conditions can be readily maintained, and it is equally well adapted to automatic (stoker) firing, magazine feed, or hand firing. This combination of properties explains why anthracite has long been the standard domestic fuel with which other fuels are compared.

Effect of the fluid shear rate on the induction time of CO2‐THF hydrate formation

“…[45] Furthermore, the exact flow characteristics generated at different agitation intensities in the mixing system and their effect on the gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient, which affects the time required to achieve a given level of supersaturation in the liquid phase solution, [34] can be deduced from the results of two other studies, in which these aspects were investigated using an almost identical mixing system. [46,47] Rotational rheometers have been used in past studies to investigate the evolution with time of the rheological properties of hydrate suspensions formed from different systems [48][49][50][51] and the performance of gas hydrate kinetics inhibitors. [52] To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that exploits such a device to examine the influence of the flow conditions in the liquid phase from which hydrates are formed on the induction time of gas hydrate formation.…”

Determination of the Platinum and Ruthenium Surface Areas in Platinum−Ruthenium Electrocatalysts by Underpotential Deposition of Copper. 2. Effect of Surface Composition on Activity

“…The interest in fuel cells for both stationary and mobile power generation is increasing as both industry and governments show their heightened commitment to the ultimate goal of zero-emission energy production. , Platinum alloy catalysts have been utilized in both solid polymer and phosphoric acid fuel cells (SPFCs and PAFCs, respectively), with hydrogen as the fuel in real examples. The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) has a key advantage over hydrogen as a fuel, in that as a liquid, storage and refuelling are much easier and the disadvantages of utilizing a re-former are bypassed .…”