The use of the archiannelid Dinophilus gyrociliatus 0. Schmidt in short-term (7 to 10 d) life-cycle tests with reference toxicants and industrial effluents was evaluated. Culture techniques and test protocols were developed and evaluated. The life history of this archiannelid was also studied and is described. Because this species has a very short life cycle (10 d from juvenile to juvenile at 2OoC and 30%0 salinity), reproductive information can be obtained during a short-term test. The results of tests with industrial effluents and reference toxicants indicate that this species is suitable for toxicity testing and appears to be quite sensitive to the industrial effluents tested in this study. The animals are easily cultured and the testing procedure requires very little time for setup and maintenance (1 to 2 h/d). It has been determined that reproductive information can be obtained during a 7-d test that starts with newly emerged juveniles.

ConclusionsAnthracite is the principal smokeless fuel. During the past ten years the quantity of anthracite used for heating homes and commercial buildings approximately equaled, in net heating value, the combined sales in the United States of domestic coke, light and heavy heating oils, and natural and manufactured gas used for domestic and house-heating purposes.Anthracite is the only natural fuel which is smokeless under all conditions of use. It is the most concentrated, strongest, and cleanest of all solid fuels, and is available in a wide range of standard sizes. It can be ignited readily, burned at the desired rating with little attention, and banked for long periods. It is safe to store in any quantity.Since anthracite is closely sized, noncaking, and nonclinkering under normal conditions of household use, ideal fuel-bed conditions can be readily maintained, and it is equally well adapted to automatic (stoker) firing, magazine feed, or hand firing. This combination of properties explains why anthracite has long been the standard domestic fuel with which other fuels are compared.

The use of the archiannelid Dinophilus gyrociliatus O. Schmidt in short‐term (7 to 10 d) life‐cycle tests with reference toxicants and industrial effluents was evaluated. Culture techniques and test protocols were developed and evaluated. The life history of this archiannelid was also studied and is described. Because this species has a very short life cycle (10 d from juvenile to juvenile at 20°C and 30%+ salinity), reproductive information can be obtained during a short‐term test. The results of tests with industrial effluents and reference toxicants indicate that this species is suitable for toxicity testing and appears to be quite sensitive to the industrial effluents tested in this study. The animals are easily cultured and the testing procedure requires very little time for setup and maintenance (1 to 2 h/d). It has been determined that reproductive information can be obtained during a 7‐d test that starts with newly emerged juveniles.

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