The current and future incidence and mortality of gastric cancer in 185 countries, 2020–40: A population-based modelling study

Morgan, Eileen; Arnold, Marcel; Camargo, M. Constanza; Gini, Andrea; Kunzmann, Andrew T.; Matsuda, Tomohiro; Meheus, Filip; Verhoeven, Rob; Vignat, Jérôme; Laversanne, Mathieu; Ferlay, Jacques; Soerjomataram, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101404

Cited by 351 publications

(263 citation statements)

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“…In China, the prevalence of gastric cancer is showing an overall downward trend among patients aged more than 50 years old. However, it is important to note that an upward trend of gastric cancer incidence among patients aged between 15 to 49 years old (male and female) in China has been observed in that country from 1990 to 2019 [ 20 ], and China makes up 48.6% of the current global mortality rate of gastric cancer [ 21 ]. The incidence and mortality of gastric cancer are still high in South American countries [ 1 ] and in Mongolia, where the mortality rate of gastric cancer in that country is the highest in the world [ 22 ].…”

Section: Prevalence and Incidence Of Gastric Cancer Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer?

Sukri

Hanafiah

Kosai

2022

Cancers

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Despite the fact that the incidence of gastric cancer has declined over the last decade, it is still the world’s leading cause of cancer-related death. The diagnosis of early gastric cancer is difficult, as symptoms of this cancer only manifest at a late stage of cancer progression. Thus, the prognosis of gastric cancer is poor, and the current treatment for improving patients’ outcomes involves the application of surgery and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is one of the most recent therapies for gastric cancer, whereby the immune system of the host is programmed to combat cancer cells, and the therapy differs based upon the patient’s immune system. However, an understanding of the role of immune cells, namely the cell-mediated immune response and the humoral immune response, is pertinent for applications of immunotherapy. The roles of immune cells in the prognosis of gastric cancer have yielded conflicting results. This review discusses the roles of immune cells in gastric cancer pathogenesis, specifically, T cells, B cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, as well as the evidence presented thus far. Understanding how cancer cells interact with immune cells is of paramount importance in designing treatment options for gastric cancer immunotherapy.

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Section: Prevalence and Incidence Of Gastric Cancer Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer?

Sukri

Hanafiah

Kosai

2022

Cancers

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“…A drop in incidence and mortality rates due to stomach cancer has been noted in most countries over the last few decades, mainly attributed to the consumption of fresh food made possible by refrigeration technology and economic development (7,16).…”

Section: Temporal Trends In Stomach Cancer Incidence and Mortality In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology of Stomach Cancer

Hirayama

2022

Gastrointestinal Cancers

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The aim of this chapter is to examine stomach cancer incidence and mortality rates worldwide, focusing on numbers in Brazil. Data on new cases and deaths due to stomach cancer for 2020 and projections for 2040 were evaluated. A total of 1,089,103 new stomach cancer cases were estimated globally for 2020, with the highest incidence rates noted for Mongolia, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. Concerning mortality, a total of 768,793 deaths were reported for the same year, with the highest rates observed in Mongolia, Tajikistan, and China. In Brazil, a total of 13,360 new stomach cancer cases among men and 7,870 among women were estimated for 2020, with 13,850 deaths Note to the Reader: This chapter is part of the book Gastrointestinal Cancers

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“…Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is a facultative, spiral-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium that selectively colonises the gastrointestinal mucosa [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Four decades after its discovery in 1982, H. pylori represents a well-established risk factor for GC, and it is recognised as a type I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), with 90% of non-cardia gastric cases attributable to this bacterium [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Role Of Chronic Infection With Helicobacter Pylori...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About half of the world’s population is infected with H. pylori , and its prevalence is widely variable across different geographical regions [ 51 ]. An increased prevalence has been reported in less developed countries as compared to industrialised regions where a progressive decline of H. pylori infection has been registered in recent decades, also resulting in a decreased GC incidence [ 50 ].…”

Section: Role Of Chronic Infection With Helicobacter Pylori...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating Immunotherapy in the Management of Gastric Cancer: Molecular and Clinical Implications

Agnarelli

Vella

Samuels

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Gastric cancer has a median survival of 11 months, and this poor prognosis has not improved over the last 30 years. Recent pre-clinical data suggest that there is high tumour-related neoantigen expression in gastric cancer cells, suggesting that a clinical strategy that enhances the host’s immune system against cancer cells may be a successful approach to improve clinical outcomes. Additionally, there has been an increasing amount of translational evidence highlighting the relevance of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer cells, indicating that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may be useful. Several molecular subgroups of gastric cancer have been identified to respond with excellent outcomes to immunotherapy, including microsatellite instable tumours, tumours bearing a high tumour mutational burden, and tumours related to a chronic EBV infection. In gastric cancer, immunotherapy has produced durable responses in chemo-refractory patients; however, most recently there has been a lot of enthusiasm as several large-scale clinical trials highlight the improved survival noted from the incorporation of immunotherapy in the first line setting for advanced gastric cancer. Our review aims to discuss current pre-clinical and clinical data supporting the innovative role of immunotherapy in gastric cancer.

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The current and future incidence and mortality of gastric cancer in 185 countries, 2020–40: A population-based modelling study

Cited by 351 publications

References 50 publications

The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer?

The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer?

The Epidemiology of Stomach Cancer

Incorporating Immunotherapy in the Management of Gastric Cancer: Molecular and Clinical Implications

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