The current situation of meningococcal disease in Latin America and updated Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) recommendations

Sáfadi, Marco Aurélio Palazzi; O’Ryan, Miguel; Valenzuela, María Teresa; Brandileone, Maria Cristina C.; Gorla, Maria Cecília Outeiro; Lemos, Ana Paula Silva de; Moreno, Gabriela; Vázquez, Julio; López, Eduardo; Taha, Muhamed‐Kheir; Borrow, Ray; Initiative, Global Meningococcal

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.055

Cited by 54 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is relevant to mention that at least in Mexico, active surveillance is indeed a much more useful tool to more accurately determine incidence of MD than passive surveillance and currently active surveillance is preferred internationally as a much better tool to identify and describe MD [17][18][19]. Active surveillance not only identify cases, but also provides significantly higher information such as hospitalization length, complications, sequelae, among many others issues and future studies looking at vaccine's costeffectiveness can be better performed from data obtained from studies done by active surveillance [17][18][19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meningococcal Disease in Children: Eleven Years of Active Surveillance in a Mexican Hospital and the Need for Vaccination in the Tijuana Region

Chacón-Cruz¹,

Alvelais-Palacios²,

Lopatynsky-Reyes³

et al. 2017

J Infec Dis Treat

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In Mexico, Meningococcal Disease (MD) is considered to be a rare disease; however, several studies done using active surveillance have proved the opposite. Since October-2005 until September-2016 (eleven years), active surveillance looking for all patients admitted with suspected MD<16 years of age was performed at the Tijuana, Mexico, General Hospital. There were 51 MD cases, with 21 (41.18%) < 2 years old. At admission, 47 (92.15%) had meningitis, 24 (47%) purpura, 4 (7.84%) conjunctivitis and 2 (3.92%) pleural effusion. Serogroup distribution was as follows: C-32 (62.74%), Y-12 (23.53%), B-5 (9.8%) and Ignored-2 (3.92%). Overall mortality was of 13 (25.49%). Among survivors (n=38), 13 (34.2%) developed sequelae. Yearly average MD attack rates were of 7.61 and 2.69 per 100, 000 populations in children<2 and <16 years of age, respectively. MD is endemic in Tijuana, Mexico. Meningococcal vaccination should be seriously considered in the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active surveillance not only identify cases, but also provides significantly higher information such as hospitalization length, complications, sequelae, among many others issues and future studies looking at vaccine's costeffectiveness can be better performed from data obtained from studies done by active surveillance [17][18][19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcal Disease in Children: Eleven Years of Active Surveillance in a Mexican Hospital and the Need for Vaccination in the Tijuana Region

Chacón-Cruz¹,

Alvelais-Palacios²,

Lopatynsky-Reyes³

et al. 2017

J Infec Dis Treat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The GMI is an international group of clinicians and scientists with expertise in MD immunology, microbiology, epidemiology, public health, and vaccination. Since its inception, several global and regional meetings have been held and these have resulted in the publication of recommendations, including the GMI Global Recommendations for Meningococcal Disease (Table 2), as well as regional situation reports [11,[30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Meningococcal Initiative: global epidemiology, the impact of vaccines on meningococcal disease and the importance of herd protection

Borrow

Alarcón

Carlos

et al. 2016

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: The 2015 Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) meeting discussed the global importance of meningococcal disease (MD) and its continually changing epidemiology. Areas covered: Although recent vaccination programs have been successful in reducing incidence in many countries (e.g. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup [Men]C in Brazil, MenA in the African meningitis belt), new clones have emerged, causing outbreaks (e.g. MenW in South America, MenC in Nigeria and Niger). The importance of herd protection was highlighted, emphasizing the need for high vaccination uptake among those with the highest carriage rates, as was the need for boosters to maintain individual and herd protection following decline of immune response after primary immunization. Expert commentary: The GMI Global Recommendations for Meningococcal Disease were updated to include a recommendation to enable access to whole-genome sequencing as for surveillance, guidance on strain typing to guide use of subcapsular vaccines, and recognition of the importance of advocacy and awareness campaigns. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…For example, in Latin America, the incidence of MD varies from <0.1 to 2.0 cases per 100,000 inhabitants [5], while in Brazil, the annual incidence of MD before 2010 was stable at 1.5–2.0 cases per 100,000 inhabitants [6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcal Carriage among Adolescents after Mass Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccination Campaigns in Salvador, Brazil

et al. 2016

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Neisseria meningitidis is a commensal bacterium of the human nasopharynx. In rare cases, it penetrates the mucosa, entering the blood stream and causing various forms of disease. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines can prevent invasive disease not only by direct effect in vaccinated individuals but also by herd protection, preventing acquisition of carriage, which interrupts transmission and leads to protection of unvaccinated persons. In 2010 in Salvador, Brazil, an outbreak of group C meningococcal disease led to a mass meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccination drive, targeting those <5 and 10–24 years of age. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and identify factors associated with N. meningitidis carriage among adolescents from Salvador, Brazil, in the post-vaccination period. In spring 2014, we performed a cross-sectional study involving 1,200 public school students aged 11–19 years old. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected to identify N. meningitidis. Of the 59 colonized participants, 36 (61.0%) carried non-groupable N. meningitidis, while genogroup B (11.9%), Y (8.5%), E (6.8%), Z (5.1%), C (3.4%), and W (3.4%) were also detected. The overall prevalence of N. meningitidis carriage was 4.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6–6.1%); the prevalence of N. meningitidis genogroup C was 0.17% (95% CI, 0.0–0.40%). There was no difference by age. Factors associated with carriage were having only one, shared, bedroom in the household (PR, 2.02; 95% CI, 0.99–4.12, p = 0.05); the mother being the only smoker in the home (PR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.16–5.29; p = 0.01); and going to pubs/parties more than 5 times/month (PR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.38–4.92; p = 0.02). Our findings show that the N. meningitidis carriage rate in adolescents from Salvador, Bahia, is low and is potentially influenced by the low prevalence of N. meningitidis genogroup C. However, continued surveillance is important to identify changes in the dynamics of N. meningitidis, including the emergence of diseases due to a non-C serogroup.

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The current situation of meningococcal disease in Latin America and updated Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) recommendations

Cited by 54 publications

References 31 publications

Meningococcal Disease in Children: Eleven Years of Active Surveillance in a Mexican Hospital and the Need for Vaccination in the Tijuana Region

Meningococcal Disease in Children: Eleven Years of Active Surveillance in a Mexican Hospital and the Need for Vaccination in the Tijuana Region

The Global Meningococcal Initiative: global epidemiology, the impact of vaccines on meningococcal disease and the importance of herd protection

Meningococcal Carriage among Adolescents after Mass Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccination Campaigns in Salvador, Brazil

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