The custom making of hierarchical micro/nanoscaled titanium phosphate coatings and their formation mechanism analysis

Abstract

In this study, a series of hierarchical micro/nanoscaled titanium phosphate (TiP) coatings possessing various surface morphologies were successfully fabricated on titanium (Ti) discs. The hydrothermal reactions of Ti discs in hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) mixed solution yield diverse topographies such as hemispheric clump, cylindrical rod, spherical walnut, micro/nano grass, micro/nano sheet, and fibrous network. And their crystal structures were mainly composed of Ti(HPO 4 ) 2 $0.5H 2 O, (TiO) 2 P 2 O 7 , H 2 TiP 2 O 8 , Ti(HPO 4 ) 2 and TiO 2 . The morphology and crystal shape of the TiP coatings depend strongly on the mass ratio of H 2 O 2 /H 3 PO 4 , reaction temperature and water content. Besides, the formation mechanism of TiP coatings with diverse morphologies was explored from the perspective of energetics and crystallography. The mechanism exploration paved the way for custom-making TiP coatings with desirable micro/nanoscaled morphologies to meet specific application purposes. The in vitro cytological performances of TiP coatings were also evaluated by co-culturing with rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), demonstrating a positive prospect for their use in bone tissue engineering.

Structural and proton conductivity studies of fibrous π-Ti2O(PO4)2·2H2O: application in chitosan-based composite membranes

“…Similarly, Cai et al studied the formation of TiPs films on titanium substrates achieving superhydrophobicity with increasing the preparation temperature. 27 Moreover, our research group have proved the possibility of using titanium phosphates as antibacterial cement after enriching their surfaces with strontium and silver nanoparticles. 28 To our knowledge, neither electrical conductivity of those fibrous TiPs has never been explored hitherto, nor studies involving fibrous Ti 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 •2H 2 O for practical application in PEMs.…”

Bioinspired Fabrication of Calcium-Doped TiP Coating with Nanofibrous Microstructure to Accelerate Osseointegration

“…38 In our most recent paper, we explored the fabricating conditions to prepare titanium phosphate (TiP) coatings possessing diverse surface morphologies including micro/nano grass or sheet and nanofibrous network, among others, on Ti discs. 39 Among which, the TiP coating with a nanofibrous structure looks very like the osteoclast-resorbed bovine bone surfaces shown in ref 40. Meanwhile, it is well-known that natural trabecular bone is mainly composed of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) and has a hierarchical micro/nanoscale structure.…”

3D Printed Multifunctional Ti6Al4V-Based Hybrid Scaffold for the Management of Osteosarcoma

“…Ti has a relatively smooth strut surface (Figure A­(b)), whereas HR-Ti is covered by a coating featuring randomly arranged nanorods (Figure B­(b)). Previous literature suggests that the formation mechanism of randomly arranged nanorods is as follows: Abundant energy is provided by the hydrothermal temperature and solvent H 2 O 2 to make TiP complexes grow faster in directions with higher energy, ultimately forming TiP coatings composed of randomly arranged nanorods with higher surface-to-volume ratio, and the HR coating mainly consists of Ti, TiO 2 , crystalline Ti­(HPO 4 ) 2 , and (TiO) 2 P 2 O 7 . The detailed coating elemental information on Ti and HR-Ti is shown in the EDS spectra (Figure S4).…”