The Cycle of Violence

Maxfield, Michael G.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170290056009

Cited by 435 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, the magnitude of the gender difference is so small that we are reluctant to interpret this as conclusive evidence. The significant effect of exposure to direct parental violence for the females aligns with some of the previous research that indicates that parental maltreatment increases female involvement in delinquency [46][47][48]. Interestingly, the impact of exposure to severe inter-parental violence is significant for females (odds ratio 2.6), but not for males.…”

Section: Gender and Place As Modifierssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…However, previous research has also shown that females tend to be more negatively affected by changes in the parent-child relationship than males [45]. Some studies have found that maltreatment increases the risk of delinquency among females but not among males [46][47][48]. Females are also more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviors as they get older [49,50].…”

Section: The Role Of Gender and Place On Parental Maltreatmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, few studies have examined the extent of victimization or extent and causation of crimes, including those committed by juveniles in Indonesia (see [56] for a brief overview). Importantly, the effect of ethnicity on the association between parental maltreatment and the risk of delinquency is less clear, with some studies showing that ethnicity moderates the association [47,48] but others did not find this effect [57][58][59]. Prior research has also documented differences in parenting across cultures including how parents view disciplinary practices, expressions of affection and define child abuse and maltreatment (see [60] for a review of studies).…”

Section: The Role Of Gender and Place On Parental Maltreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Parental Maltreatment and Parental Social Control on Self-Reported Violent Offending in Indonesia and the U.S.: Does Gender Make a Difference?

Kokkalera

Marshall

2018

Societies

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Abstract:In this article, we examine the role of parental maltreatment and parental social control in violent delinquency in two different countries: Indonesia and the U.S. but we go further by asking if gender makes a difference. We use a sample of Indonesian and U.S. youths from ISRD3 data, a self-reported survey instrument administered across multiple countries. We use logistic regressions to examine the associations between parental maltreatment, parental social control and self-reported violent delinquency and test whether gender and country modifies these associations. We find that both gender and country are significant predictors of violent delinquency. Further, there are differences between Indonesian and U.S. youths in terms of the predictors that are associated with violent delinquent offending. Specifically, parental maltreatment in the form of direct exposure to parental violence is a significant predictor for U.S. youths but not Indonesian youths whereas parental supervision is a significant deterrent of violent offending for both. We also find that girls are more likely to report violent offending than males when indirectly exposed to violence. Thus, our findings reiterate that both gender and context matter.

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Section: Gender and Place As Modifierssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: The Role Of Gender and Place On Parental Maltreatmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: The Role Of Gender and Place On Parental Maltreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Role of Parental Maltreatment and Parental Social Control on Self-Reported Violent Offending in Indonesia and the U.S.: Does Gender Make a Difference?

Kokkalera

Marshall

2018

Societies

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“…While physically abused youth were more likely to commit a violent offense (Maxfield & Spatz Widom, 1996), physical abuse increased the risk of runaway behavior which then promoted deviant street behavior (Simons & Whitbeck, 1991).…”

Section: Familial Effects On Deviancementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of family abuse on running away, deviance, and street victimization among homeless rural and urban youth

Thrane

Hoyt

Whitbeck

et al. 2006

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Problem -Various demographic and familial risk factors have been linked to runaway behavior. To date, there has not been a systematic investigation of the impact of size of community on runaway behavior. This study will compare runaways from smaller cities and rural areas to their urban counterparts. Methods -A convenience sample of 602 adolescents was interviewed between 1995 and August of 1996 in Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas, USA. Multiple regression was used to examine the association between gender, neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, geographic and family structure change, and community size of first runaway to predict age at first runaway, deviant subsistence strategies, and street victimization. Results -Findings indicate that adolescents exposed to neglect (β = −.20) and sexual abuse (β = −.16) ran away sooner and were more likely to be victimized on the street. Rural adolescents who experienced higher levels of physical abuse relied more heavily on deviant subsistence strategies (β = .15) and remained in abusive homes longer (β = .15) than their similarly situated urban counterparts. Conclusions -Rural youth who have been subjected to elevated levels of familial abuse are at greater risk of deviant subsistence strategies, which increase the likelihood of street victimization.

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“…The analysis of displaced aggression may be useful in explaining the results of several studies such as the one conducted by Maxfield and Widom (1996), which indicated that children up to the age of 11 who had been physically abused were more likely to become violent offenders during the 15 years following the abuse. In fact, there is a theoretical construct that explains the etiology of child abuse based on a possible intergenerational transmission of family violence (Steele & Pollack, 1968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maladaptive Schemas as Mediators in the Relationship Between Child Sexual Abuse and Displaced Aggression

Estévez

Ozerinjauregi

Herrero-Fernández

2016

Journal of Child Sexual Abuse

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Child sexual abuse is one of the most serious forms of abuse due to the psychological consequences that persist even into adulthood. Expressions of anger among child sexual abuse survivors remain common even years after the event. While child sexual abuse has been extensively studied, the expression of displaced aggression has been studied less. Some factors, such as the maladaptive early schemas, might account for this deficiency. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationships between child sexual abuse, displaced aggression, and these schemas according to gender and determine if these early schemas mediate the relationship between child sexual abuse and displaced aggression. A total of 168 Spanish subjects who were victims of child sexual abuse completed measures of childhood trauma, displaced aggression, and early maladaptive schemas. The results depict the relationship between child sexual abuse, displaced aggression, and early maladaptive schemas. Women scored higher than men in child sexual abuse, emotional abuse, disconnection or rejection and impaired autonomy. Mediational analysis found a significant mediation effect of disconnection or rejection on the relationship between child sexual abuse and displaced aggression; however, impaired autonomy did not mediate significantly.

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The Cycle of Violence

Cited by 435 publications

References 17 publications

The Role of Parental Maltreatment and Parental Social Control on Self-Reported Violent Offending in Indonesia and the U.S.: Does Gender Make a Difference?

The Role of Parental Maltreatment and Parental Social Control on Self-Reported Violent Offending in Indonesia and the U.S.: Does Gender Make a Difference?

Impact of family abuse on running away, deviance, and street victimization among homeless rural and urban youth

Maladaptive Schemas as Mediators in the Relationship Between Child Sexual Abuse and Displaced Aggression

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