The Czech Lands in Medieval Transformation

Klápště, Jan

doi:10.1163/9789004226463

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The withers height estimations made during archeozoological analyses in Poland are comparable with results seen in neighboring countries. Horse withers height was approximately 137 cm, based on equine skeletal remains from medieval archeological sites in the Czech Republic (Klapště, 2012; Peške, 1985). Further information about withers height in the Czech Republic was provided by Kyselý (2003), based on horse remains from the Stara Boleslav medieval stronghold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The archeozoological analysis of medieval horse bone remains from Utrecht showed two different but overlapping ranges of animal size (144–162 and 135–145 cm) (Prummel, 1979). Klapště (2012) expected to find proof of larger animals, but did not identify any remains of knights' horses. Large battle horses were described during the archeozoological analysis of bone material from Lage–Müssen (Springhorn, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Withers height estimation in medieval horse samples from Poland: Comparing the internal cranial cavity‐based modified Wyrost and Kucharczyk method with existing methods

Chrószcz

Baranowski

Janowski

et al. 2021

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Horse withers height is frequently estimated based on skeletal remains during archeozoological analyses. The routinely used methods (Vitt and Kiesewalter) do not allow withers height estimation without complete long bone and skull osteometry.The modified Wyrost and Kucharczyk formula is based on the internal dimensions of the cranial cavity. This method can be used even when the neurocranium is the only surviving portion of the skull. Earlier investigation demonstrated that it can be used as a substitute for the Kiesewalter method. The statistical analyses of the results achieved using metapodial bones are strongly correlated with the results achieved using the Wyrost and Kucharczyk method. A unique horse skull assemblage, dating back to medieval times, was unearthed from several archeological sites in Poland (Silesia, Kuyavia, Grater Poland, Western Pomerania, and Eastern Pomerania). This study aimed to estimate the withers height of this assemblage using the modified Wyrost and Kucharczyk method. Subsequently, these estimations were compared with accessible literature data from both medieval Poland and surrounding territories.The literature indicates that the horses from Western Pomerania, Silesia, and Kuyavia were larger than the animals from Eastern Pomerania. Our results show that horses from Western Pomerania were larger than those from Silesia, Kuyavia, and Eastern Pomerania. In both cases, the Western Pomeranian horses are the largest. In general, according to our results and the accessible literature, it seems true that Polish medieval horse populations can be described as medium-and small-sized, according to Vitt's classification. The modified Wyrost and Kucharczyk formula can be used as an additional or alternative method of calculating withers height in routine archeozoological studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Withers height estimation in medieval horse samples from Poland: Comparing the internal cranial cavity‐based modified Wyrost and Kucharczyk method with existing methods

Chrószcz

Baranowski

Janowski

et al. 2021

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…The peasants could only use the land that was measured for them. Regular visible boundaries of parcels of land started to arise, and these were constrained by the terrain of the landscape and the layout of villages (Klápště, 2005(Klápště, , 2012. Environmental conditions, position or way of farming primarily drove the plan of villages and the layout of plužina.…”

Section: Grain Size and Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The medieval croft plužina field system in a mountain region of central Europe: The interdisciplinary record of the earthen field boundaries in Debrné, Czechia

Poledník Mohammadi,

Šitnerová,

Lisá

et al. 2024

Geoarchaeology

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The integration of archaeological, historical and geoarchaeological records represents a significant contribution to research into the medieval landscape. This study focuses on the medieval field system in the deserted village of Debrné, located in northeastern Bohemia, Czechia. The village features a well‐preserved croft plužina field system, a typical historical landscape of central Europe. The main and most visible elements of the field system are the earthen field boundaries, which were the focus of the geoarchaeological investigations. Archaeological excavations in trench S1 revealed a collection of larger stones at a depth of 1 m, potentially serving a drainage function akin to the observed plužina. Additionally, a boulder paving, identified as a remnant of a path between fields, provided insights into the historical use of the area. In trench S2, positioned closer to the village's core, layers with increasing stone content were recorded at a depth of 130 cm. However, the drainage structure observed in trench S1 was not replicated. The dating of earthen field boundaries indicated the creation of the terrace in the second half of the 16th century in trench S1. In trench S2, radiocarbon dating at a depth of 70 to 80 cm ranged from 1025 to 1175 A.D., predating the first written source about Debrné. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating in trench S2 suggested exposure to sunlight during the third century A.D. Archaeobotanical analysis of charred macroremains from trench S1 revealed 236 plant macroremains belonging to approximately 20 taxa, showcasing wild‐growing, collected useful species such as raspberry, blackberry and elderberry. Trench S2 yielded 23 plant macroremains belonging to 11 taxa, with similar species as trench S1. Pedological and micromorphological examinations displayed distinct layering in both trenches, showing up to six layers. Micromorphological analysis unveiled vuggy microstructures, varying grain sizes and elemental patterns, shedding light on different periods of occupation. Multidisciplinary investigations of the buried soils forming the earthen field boundaries discovered that the original soil cover comprised automorphic lixisols and cambisols, which also form under present conditions. These results underscore the importance of integrating pedological, geoarchaeological, archaeobotanical and physical data to comprehend the intricate nature of anthropogenic landscape changes.

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“…First, the states introduced their systems of tax extraction, often favoring one type of economic activity over another (Lübke, 1991;Modzelewski, 2000;Gawlas, 2000;Klápště, 2012). Second, regional economies became increasingly integrated into the pan-European socioeconomic system, with its flows of settlers, ideas, and goods.…”

Section: The Medieval Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the use of palynological data in economic history: New methods and an application to agricultural output in Central Europe, 0–2000AD

Izdebski

Koloch

Słoczyński

et al. 2016

Explorations in Economic History

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In this paper we introduce a new source of data to economic history: palynological data, i.e. information about pollen grains which are preserved in bottom sediments of various water basins. We discuss how this data is collected and how it should be interpreted; develop new methods for aggregating this information into regional trends in agricultural output; construct an extensive data set with a large number of pollen sites from Central Europe; and use our methods to study the economic history of Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Bohemia, Brandenburg, and Lower Saxony since the first century AD.

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The Czech Lands in Medieval Transformation

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Withers height estimation in medieval horse samples from Poland: Comparing the internal cranial cavity‐based modified Wyrost and Kucharczyk method with existing methods

Withers height estimation in medieval horse samples from Poland: Comparing the internal cranial cavity‐based modified Wyrost and Kucharczyk method with existing methods

The medieval croft plužina field system in a mountain region of central Europe: The interdisciplinary record of the earthen field boundaries in Debrné, Czechia

On the use of palynological data in economic history: New methods and an application to agricultural output in Central Europe, 0–2000AD

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