The daily grind: Assessing bruxism as a potential indicator of stress in archaeological human remains

Foley, Allison J.

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2020.105117

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Bruxism involving the repetitive grinding and clenching of the teeth can also modify dental wear facet patterns [ 104 ]. Tooth wear alone cannot be used to diagnose bruxism within a bioarchaeological context and an appropriate methodology to do so requires further development [ 105 ]. Clinical dental research links bruxism with psychosocial stress [ 106 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dental revolution: The association between occlusion and chewing behaviour

2021

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Dentistry is confronted with the functional and aesthetic consequences that result from an increased prevalence of misaligned and discrepant dental occlusal relations in modern industrialised societies. Previous studies have indicated that a reduction in jaw size in response to softer and more heavily processed foods during and following the Industrial Revolution (1,700 CE to present) was an important factor in increased levels of poor dental occlusion. The functional demands placed on the masticatory system play a crucial role in jaw ontogenetic development; however, the way in which chewing behaviours changed in response to the consumption of softer foods during this period remains poorly understood. Here we show that eating more heavily processed food has radically transformed occlusal power stroke kinematics. Results of virtual 3D analysis of the dental macrowear patterns of molars in 104 individuals dating to the Industrial Revolution (1,700–1,900 CE), and 130 of their medieval and early post-medieval antecedents (1,100–1,700 CE) revealed changes in masticatory behaviour that occurred during the early stages of the transition towards eating more heavily processed foods. The industrial-era groups examined chewed with a reduced transverse component of jaw movement. These results show a diminished sequence of occlusal contacts indicating that a dental revolution has taken place in modern times, involving a dramatic shift in the way in which teeth occlude and wear during mastication. Molar macrowear suggests a close connection between progressive changes in chewing since the industrialization of food production and an increase in the prevalence of poor dental occlusion in modern societies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dental revolution: The association between occlusion and chewing behaviour

2021

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“…In her review of correlation of bruxism and stress Foley also suggests (2020) some starting diagnostic approach for identification of bruxism in skeletal remains. She emphasised that "the identification of bruxism may provide novel osteobiographic insights into individual, rather than communal, experience with psychosocial stress and anxiety" which can be achieved through an "approach that considers a suite of possible indicators in concordance with careful, population-specific micro-and macro-dental wear analysis" (Foley 2020).…”

Section: Contribution Of This Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies suggest more appropriate strategies in recording and interpreting results in studies on primates, including old world monkeys, extant great ape species, fossil hominin species and humans (O'Hara and Guatelli-Steinberg, 2020;Onaindia, 2020;Towle and Irish, 2020). One of the contributions in this special issue is opening a new direction for conceptualizing and identifying mental well-being of people in the past, using bruxism as a clinically related response to physiological stress (Foley, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stressed Out: Reconsidering stress in the study of archaeological human remains

Edinborough

Rando

2020

Journal of Archaeological Science

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The term "stress" remains poorly defined, often misused, and has clearly lost its meaning in the study of archeological human remains. In this special issue we reconsider the use of this term in human remains research, to untangle what we actually mean when we say "stress" in archaeology. To this aim, we looked at this topic from two broad perspectives: dental anthropology and paleopathology. Based on revision of the previous work on this topic, the new contributions of this issue, and in the light of the rapid advancement in other medical disciplines, we conclude that the term "stress" is not suitable for the study of archaeological skeletal remains unless it is precisely defined (e.g. mechanical stress).

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“…A similar behavior pattern of excessive jaw activity, as in bruxism (i.e., extreme chewing, teeth grinding/clenching) was also identified in ED‐patients (Emodi‐Perlman et al, 2008; Ximenes, Couto, & Sougey, 2010). Since starvation is a bodily stressor that activates the HPAA (Culbert, Racine, & Klump, 2016; Fichter & Pirke, 1986; Nakamura, Walker, & Ikuta, 2016; Stone, Harmatz, & Goosens, 2020) and bruxism is a stress‐related disorder (dos Santos Chemelo et al, 2020; Foley, 2020) it is plausible to assume increased jaw activity in P AN in the context of stress. However, the mentioned studies lack a standardized and experimentally induced stress intervention and avail themselves only as a point of reference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stress on chewing and food intake in patients with anorexia nervosa

Schmalbach

Herhaus

Päßler

et al. 2021

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective The present study investigates the impact of psychosocial stress on chewing and eating behavior in patients with anorexia nervosa (PAN). Method The eating and chewing behavior of PAN were examined in a standardized setting by means of a chewing sensor. These procedures encompassed n = 19 PAN, age, and gender matched to n = 19 healthy controls (HC). Food intake and chewing frequency were assessed in two experimental conditions: rest versus stress (via Trier Social Stress Test). To verify stress induction, two appraisal scales were employed. In addition, chronic stress, psychological distress and eating disorder symptoms were assessed. Results In terms of food intake and chewing frequency, the results of the 2x2 ANOVA demonstrated a significant effect of condition and group. During stress, all participants demonstrated a higher chewing frequency and a decreased ingestion. In general, patients ate less at a lower chewing frequency (vs. HC). However, sample specific analyses demonstrated that the eating and chewing behavior of PAN remained unchanged regardless of the condition, except for their drinking. Food choices were comparable between the groups, but appetite values significantly differed. Discussion The increase in chewing frequency in all participants during stress suggests that chewing might impact affect regulation, however, not specifically in PAN. Future research should clarify to what extent the normalization of chewing behavior could ameliorate ED‐symptoms (incl. food intake) in PAN. The application of a chewing sensor could support this aim and future interventions.

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The daily grind: Assessing bruxism as a potential indicator of stress in archaeological human remains

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

A dental revolution: The association between occlusion and chewing behaviour

A dental revolution: The association between occlusion and chewing behaviour

Stressed Out: Reconsidering stress in the study of archaeological human remains

Effects of stress on chewing and food intake in patients with anorexia nervosa

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