The Darzi-Vali bauxite deposit, West-Azarbaidjan Province, Iran: Critical metals distribution and parental affinities

Khosravi, Maryam; Abedini, Ali; Alipour, Samad; Mongelli, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.02.024

Cited by 47 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This suggests that later percolating water, which caused carbonate precipitation, did not affect the (La/ Yb) ch geochemistry associated with bauxitization. Despite acidic pH is an essential condition triggering the chemical weathering of silicate minerals (Loughnan 1969), according Mongelli et al 2014;Khosravi et al 2017). The basal horizon (CK-1) has a positive Ce anomaly (Fig.…”

Section: Formation Of Ck Bauxites: Insights From Mineralogy and Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although carbonate successions host karst bauxite deposits, the dissolution of carbonate bedrock is not considered suitable for the formation of karst bauxite, and instead, a large variety of protoliths likely contributed material for bauxitization (e.g., Comer 1974;Bárdossy 1982;Bárdossy and Combes 1999;Abedini et al 2020 and references therein). Among the several proxies used to identify the parent rock(s) of karst bauxites, the Eu anomaly (an index of chemical differentiation affected by minor fractionation during intense weathering) is commonly used to elucidate the parent material of karst bauxite deposits (e.g., Mongelli et al 2014Mongelli et al , 2016Khosravi et al 2017;Sinisi 2018;Abedini et al 2020). The samples from the CK section have similar Eu/Eu* values (Eu/Eu*: 0.67 ± 0.02, n = 6), which is close to the upper continental crust composition (UCC: Eu/Eu* = 0.65; Post Archean Australian Shales: Eu/ Eu* = 0.66; Taylor and McLennan 1985), and therefore it is likely that the same protolith(s) contributed the Al-rich detritus throughout the development of the various horizons of the CK bauxite.…”

Section: Formation Of Ck Bauxites: Insights From Mineralogy and Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Karst bauxite formation during Miocene Climatic Optimum (central Dalmatia, Croatia): mineralogical, compositional and geochronological perspectives

Brlek

Gaynor

Mongelli

et al. 2021

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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The Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO) represents a global warm period (approximately 17-14.7 Ma) interrupting a longterm period of Cenozoic cooling. To elucidate if bauxitization took place in southeastern European mid-latitude areas during the MCO, we studied a section of undated massive karst bauxite (Crveni Klanac, CK) in central Dalmatia, Croatia, hosted in Upper Cretaceous limestones and overlain by Miocene Sinj Basin lacustrine deposits. Integrated mineralogical, morphological and geochemical analyses indicate the predominant mineral phases of the homogenous bauxite matrix are authigenic, subhedral to euhedral kaolinite and gibbsite. The in-situ mineralization was a consequence of pedogenic processes, indicating the CK bauxites formed autochthonously. In situ U-Pb zircon ages of the lower, middle and upper parts of the CK bauxite are very similar, dominated by Miocene and Oligocene ages, indicating that they all share similar protolith(s). Subsequent high-precision chemical abrasion-isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) analyses indicate a maximum depositional age (MDA) for the pre-bauxitic material of 16.9576 ± 0.021 Ma (2σ uncertainty, incorporating decay constant uncertainty). This MDA, a maximum age of autochthonous bauxitization, coincides with the onset of the MCO. Based on currently available geochronological constraints, the maximum timeframe for CK bauxitization was less than ~ 700 ka, which matches the records of the MCO in paleo-mid-latitude Europe. The potential imprint of pre-17 Ma bauxitization and contribution of older (i.e., Upper Paleogene) bauxite deposits resedimented to the CK profile, as well as degree of potential parautochthonous origin of the CK bauxites, is yet to be investigated. More than simply aligning with regional and local reconstructions of continental climatic conditions during the onset and the early stages of the MCO, the high degree of autochthony of the CK bauxites provide a precise climatic constraint. For in-situ bauxitization to occur in the southeastern parts of mid-latitude continental Europe, paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions must have had mean annual temperature greater than 17-22 °C and mean annual precipitation of more than 1100-1200 mm.

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Section: Formation Of Ck Bauxites: Insights From Mineralogy and Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formation Of Ck Bauxites: Insights From Mineralogy and Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Karst bauxite formation during Miocene Climatic Optimum (central Dalmatia, Croatia): mineralogical, compositional and geochronological perspectives

Brlek

Gaynor

Mongelli

et al. 2021

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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“…REE distribution during geochemical processes is strongly dependent on some paleo physic-chemical conditions such as pH, Eh, temperature of fluids/solutions, fugacity of oxygen in the environment, water/rock interaction and REE-complex stability [Abedini et al, 2011, Bau et al, 2003, Castorina et al, 2008, Khosravi et al, 2017, Levresse et al, 2011, Sasmaz et al, 2005, Tassongwa et al, 2017. Fluorite as an informative mineral has been reported from a wide range of deposits and geological environments that can be used to constraint the paleo physic-chemical condition during geochemical investigations [Coşanay et al, 2017, Schwinn andMarkl, 2005].…”

Section: Ree Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of lanthanides tetrad effect as a geochemical indicator to identify fluorite generations: A case study from the Laal-Kan fluorite deposit, NW Iran

Azizi¹,

Abedini²,

Alipour³

2020

Comptes Rendus. Géoscience

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The Laal-Kan fluorite deposit situated in north margin of the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt and Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic arc, NW Iran. The fluorite mineralization in the form of open-space filling, veins and veinlets have been deposited in the contact zone between highly metamorphosed schist, gneiss, amphibolite of the Paleozoic age and the Jangutaran limestone of the Precambrian age. The occurrence of convex tetrad effect and the calculated tetrad values indicate that early and late stage fluorite mineralization display various geochemical behavior, which are supported by the bivariate diagrams including T 1 , T 3 and T 4 versus each other and some geochemical parameters such as La/Ho, Y/Ho and Zr/Hf ratios. It can, therefore, deduced that fluorite have been probably formed during two stages from hydrothermal fluids with a relatively constant composition. The fluid-rock interaction during deposition of fluorite and REE-F complex were likely the main mechanisms for the occurrence of tetrad effect.

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“…However, REE fractionations and redistributions have been reported from various bauxite deposits due to evolution of geochemical systems in various mechanisms and conditions such as mobilization of REE, supergene processes, surficial weathering, diagenetic processes, presence of REEbearing mineral phases, pH of solutions and/or depositional environment, and existence of organic and/or non-organic complexing ligands (Mondillo et al, 2011;Abedini and Calagari, 2013;Mongelli et al, 2014Mongelli et al, , 2016Mongelli et al, , 2017Liu et al, 2016;Buccione et al, 2016;Hou et al, 2017;Khosravi et al, 2017;Long et al, 2017;Radusinovic et al, 2017;Torró et al, 2017;Yuste et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2018). Generally, these Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ree mobility and tetrad effects in bauxites an example from the Kanisheeteh deposit, NW Iran

Abedini¹

2019

Acta Geodynamica Et Geomaterialia

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The Kanisheeteh bauxite deposit (NW Iran) is located on the Irano-Himalaya karst bauxite belt and was developed as stratiform horizon along the contact of the Permian and Triassic Formations. Based on absolute weathering index (AWI), HREE were leached out, whereas LREE suffered both leaching and fixation during bauxitization. The non-CHARAC characteristic of Y/Ho ratios can be attributed to geochemically known phenomenon as the "tetrad effect". The simultaneous convex and concave curves of the tetrad effect were observed in the chondritenormalized REE patterns of the bauxite ores. The correlation between the sizes of T 4 and AWI% values revealed two separate populations. The first one is characterized by a wide variation in sizes of T 4 and very narrow AWI% values, and is thought to be related to acidic zone of the profile. In contrast, the second one is marked by a narrow variation in sizes of T 4 and wide variation in AWI% values, and is conceived to be affiliated to alkaline zone of the profile. In this research, the tetrad effect proved to be capable of clarifying the geochemical characteristics of the deposit and can be applied as a good geochemical index to investigate the prevailed paleoconditions of depositional environments.

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The Darzi-Vali bauxite deposit, West-Azarbaidjan Province, Iran: Critical metals distribution and parental affinities

Cited by 47 publications

References 37 publications

Karst bauxite formation during Miocene Climatic Optimum (central Dalmatia, Croatia): mineralogical, compositional and geochronological perspectives

Karst bauxite formation during Miocene Climatic Optimum (central Dalmatia, Croatia): mineralogical, compositional and geochronological perspectives

Application of lanthanides tetrad effect as a geochemical indicator to identify fluorite generations: A case study from the Laal-Kan fluorite deposit, NW Iran

Ree mobility and tetrad effects in bauxites an example from the Kanisheeteh deposit, NW Iran

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